短句问答11:认知与学习
Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to Ihe parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice,we conquer!
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirabl that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions.especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.
参考译文
性格在很大程度上是遗传的 A型性格的父母通常养育出A型性格的子女。但是环境一定也有深远的影响,因为如果父母很看重竞争,那么竞争很有可能成为孩子们生活中的一个重要因素。
学校是儿童吸收A型性格特点的一个地方,因为学校本质上就是一个竞争激烈的机构。许多学校都采纳 不惜一切代价获取成功 的道德标准,以炫耀成绩作为衡量学生成功的标准。最近热衷于让孩子们与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一个双层体系,在这个体系里面,善于竞争的A型性格的人好像在某个方面要比他们B型性格的同伴更胜一筹。求胜心切可能带来危险的后果:还记得第一个跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹吗?他在说了 欢呼吧,我们赢了! 数秒钟后便倒地身亡。
学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是过分强调考试。很少有学校允许学生集中精力做他们擅长的事。考试这种竞争方式的价值有点令人怀疑,而明知会失败仍然竞争,这就绝对是有害无益。
很明显,要让所有A型性格的孩子都转变为B型性格,这既不现实,也不可取。这个世界需要A型性格的人。学校的重要职责是努力让孩子的性格适合他们将来可能从事的职业。这才是最佳的管理之道。
如果学校不过于看重学习成绩,也许就有更多的时间教孩子们更坚定的价值观。也许对护理专业人员 特别是医疗护理人员 的选择,就可以少注重化学成绩,而多注重诸如敏感和同情心等方面。只从A型性格的人当中挑选医生肯定是个错误。B型性格的人非常重要,应该受到鼓励。
测试题
1.Apart from the effect of the environment, personality is largely____________________.
2.A-type individuals are usually competitive, but__________________can lead to serious consequences.
3.The author doubts about the virtue of__________________________at schools because some students are bound to fail.
4.For schools, the top management is to fit a childs personality to______________________.
5.The selection of medical professionals is currently based on________________________.
答案详解
1.
根据题干中的the effect of the environment,personality,largely查找到首段。
解析:题干是对原文首段的近义改写,the effect of the environment对应原文中的第2句话,largely为原文第1句中a large extent的同义表达,所以空白处应填A inherent。
2.
根据题干中的A-type,competitive,cause,dangerous consequences查找到第2段最后两句。
解析:空白处缺少主语,原文倒数第2句中的competitive A-types对应题干的前半句,题干lead to serious consequences是最后一句中can have dangerous consequences的同义替换,所以being too keen to win为答案。
3.
根据题干中的doubts about,the virtue和fail查找到第3段末句。
解析:本句说的是,作者质疑考试这种竞争方式,因为对一些孩子而言。明知是短处、肯定会失败而做无谓的竞争,这种竞争是无益的。doubts about和the virtue对应原文中的questionable和the merits,而题目中because从句是对原文in the certain knowledge of failure的近义改写,所以competition by examination为答案。
4.
根据题干中的top management,a childs personality查找到第4段第2、3句。
解析:该段末句中It指代上句的内容,即努力让孩子的性格适合他们将来可能从事的职业,原文personality to后的内容为本题答案。
5.
根据题干中的selection,professionals查找到末段前两句。
解析:原文说希望今后选拔医务人员时应更关注候选人的情感,比如是否敏感,是否有同情心,而不是一味地看成绩(good grades in chemistry)。由此可得知,现在的选拔制度注重的是成绩。本题答案也可归纳为academic achievements。
中国没有好资讯,经济为何迅猛?
体坛英语资讯:Saul signs long contract extension with Atletico Madrid
国内英语资讯:China Focus: CPC sets anti-corruption records over past five years
国内英语资讯:UIUC visiting Chinese Scholar feared dead as suspect arrested
习近平在庆祝香港回归祖国20周年大会暨香港特别行政区第五届政府就职典礼上的讲话
体坛英语资讯:Feature: Obiri relishes Ethiopian challenge at London world championships
美文欣赏:人生,就是不断寻找灵魂伴侣
国内英语资讯:Chinese aircraft carrier formation to visit Hong Kong
光是款一眼手机,就能让你脑力下降
国际英语资讯:Merkel stresses sustainable growth ahead of G20 summit
引俗语、话古训、打比方,习近平勉励港人致辞中的智慧
清凉一夏!魔性“西瓜裙”风靡社交网络
国内英语资讯:China, IOC eye stronger cooperation in build-up to 2022 Winter Olympics
拖延症的5大借口,以及应对方法
国内英语资讯:China solicits public opinions on draft national anthem law
苹果CEO库克在麻省理工学院2017毕业典礼上的演讲
国内英语资讯:Xi calls on HK youths to serve HK, country
《超脑48小时》电影精讲(视频)
国内英语资讯:China to launch 2nd heavy-lift carrier rocket
体坛英语资讯:Ronaldo: Maradona the greatest′
国际英语资讯:6 killed as small plane crashed in Midwest U.S state of Wisconsin
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: Xis visits to Russia, Germany to boost global economic cooperation
国内英语资讯:Senior officials pledge closer cooperation between Chinas northeast, Russias Far East
体坛英语资讯:China defeats Belarus 84-66 in Womens International Basketball Championship
体坛英语资讯:Jebet targets at new world record
6月资讯热词汇总
国内英语资讯:Major Yangtze River tributary breaks record flood level
国内英语资讯:Vice Premier urges globalization of traditional Chinese medicine
揭秘:裹在香蕉上的那一根根韧丝有什么用?
体坛英语资讯:Ex-Argentina international midfielder Montillo retires
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |