Is language, like food, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes bowel like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to commect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern toy bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals,. Sensitivity to the childs non verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
1. The purpose of Frederick Is experiment was ____.
A. to prove that children are born with ability to speak
B. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak
C. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2. The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that ____.
A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3. What is particularly remarkable about a child is that ____.
A. he is born with the capacity to speak
B. he has a brain more complex than an animals
C. he can produce his own sentences
D. he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. The childs brain is highly selective.
C. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
D. All the above
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ____in future.
A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward
答案:BCCDD
雅思写作不可照搬四六级写作的思维
雅思写作范文:美国成年人整体婚姻状况
雅思写作题目分析:崇尚时尚的利弊
雅思写作常用词汇:野生动物保护
雅思写作中一定要慎用的句式
雅思写作必备的核心语法知识整理
雅思写作思路指导:写信的技能会消失
雅思写作常用词汇:要不然
雅思写作思路指导真经
雅思写作要避免滔滔不绝"意识流"
雅思写作常用词汇:就像/正如
句子的运用与处理在雅思写作中有决定作用
雅思写作思路抛砖:学做人 vs 学做事
雅思写作思路抛砖:上大学的目的
雅思写作常用词汇:仅举几例
雅思写作常用词汇:来源
烤鸭分享:个人整理的雅思小作文写作资料
雅思写作常用词汇:同样重要
雅思写作忌用的两种表达方法
雅思写作中不能用到的减分表达
雅思写作得分很低的原因分析
雅思写作范文:图说世界用水量及消费量
雅思写作思路抛砖:学术科目vs艺术科目
雅思话题作文思路点睛:频繁换工作
雅思写作8分范文:不同年龄段学生参加学习
雅思写作范文:政府是否应该限制广告内容
雅思写作真题范文:多元化民族促进国家发展
雅思大作文的段落拓展方式及常用关联词
从战略和战术方向讨论雅思写作策略
雅思写作切题的观点很重要 词汇次之
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |