There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B. To explain the science of economics.
C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
2. In the second paragraph, the word real in real goods could best be replaced by ___,
A. high quality
B. concrete
C. utter
D. authentic.
3. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ___.
A. rapid speed of transactions.
B. misunderstandings.
C. inflation
D. difficulties for the traders.
4. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?
A. Individual households
B. Small businesses.
C. Major corporations.
D. The government.
5. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a persons position in a traditional society?
A. Family background
B. Age
C. Religious beliefs.
D. Custom
答案:ABDDB
2018-2019贵州遵义新蒲新区七年级上英语期末试题
2018江苏宿迁泗洪七年级下英语期末试题
2018河北邢台临西二中七年级下英语期末答案
2018-2019浙江衢州七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018-2019湖北武汉武昌七年级上英语期末试卷
2018河北邢台临西二中七年级下英语期末试题
四川南充2019第一学期英语七年级期末测试卷答案
四川省实验中2019英语七年级上期末测试卷二
2018-2019浙江杭州七年级上英语期末试题
2018-2019天津和平七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018-2019广东广州海珠七年级上英语期末试卷
2018-2019天津河西七年级上英语期末试题
2018山东济宁梁山二中七年级下英语期末试题
2018吉林长春七年级下英语期末试题答案
2018河北保定满城龙门中学七年级下英语期末试题
2018-2019浙江杭州七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018浙江嘉兴初一下英语期末试题
2018-2019天津部分区七年级上英语期末试题
2018安徽池州贵池七年级下英语期末试题
2018四川渠县七年级下英语期末试题
2018-2019甘肃武威凉州洪祥学校年七年级上英语期末试题
四川省实验中2019英语七年级上期末测试卷答案
2018-2019浙江台州七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018-2019山东济宁梁山马营中学七年级上英语期末试题
2018-2019天津和平七年级上英语期末试题
2018-2019浙江绍兴七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018-2019浙江丽水七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018吉林长春七年级下英语期末试题
2018-2019陕西榆林定边砖井中学七年级上英语期末试题答案
2018-2019浙江台州七年级上英语期末试题
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |