A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amishs central religious concept of Demut humility, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining orders. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal and a pronounced division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as clearly different from folk. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.
英语四级仔细阅读习题
2012年6月英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(13)
英语四级考试仔细阅读模拟题
大学英语四级长篇阅读样题和答案
2012年6月英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(7)
大学英语四级选词填空样题和答案
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题汇总
2012年6月英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(19)
四级快速阅读解题两步走
四级阅读理解练习(23)
四级阅读理解练习(25)
警惕:大学英语四级考试阅读四大“雷区”
2012年6月英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(5)
英语四级选词填空练习
英语四级提高阅读实力之“二三四五”
2012年英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析汇总
英语四级阅读练习题
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习
关于英语四级仔细阅读练习题
2012年6月英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(18)
大学英语四级阅读理解题
英语四级仔细阅读练习题
英语四级阅读理解练习题和解析
英语四级阅读理解冲刺练习题
关于大学英语四级阅读理解练习题
英语四级阅读备考:真题长难句解析(4)
英语四级快速阅读两大技巧
大学英语四级仔细阅读样题
英语四级考试仔细阅读模拟
大学英语四级阅读理解练习题
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |