三、 抓住句子的主干
我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外,还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干,如主语、谓语和宾语,因为它们是传达信息的主要载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中:Another element in the emergence of prodigies,I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了Element is society.就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。
我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。
四、 抓住 第三词汇
语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的,因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 第三词汇(区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词)。抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多,其中最常见的有:
achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.
另外,有人认为第三词汇主要是一些照应名词,其中包括:
abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint等等。
还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 第三词汇。比如:在问题---解决 文章模式中,这些 第三词汇就更加固定和明确。它们有:
问题:concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder, obstacle, problem, snag等。
反应:change, combat, come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等
解决或结果:answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, solve等。
评价:(in)effect, manage, overcome, succeed, successful, viable, work
聚集于 主张---反主张文章结构模式中的该类词汇有:claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。
以上我们提到的英语阅读理解能力提高的途径不是仅有的方法,大家可以根据自己的学习体会,从众多的方法中选择适合自己的方法。另外其他书上还介绍了不少其他方法,请大家参考。要想把阅读技巧真正地转化位阅读理解能力还需要大量的英语阅读理解练习。
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