Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term hormone was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning to excite or set in motion. The term endocrine was introduced shortly thereafter Endocrine is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term endocrine contrasts with exocrine, which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
1.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?
A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.
B.To provide general information about hormones.
C.To explain how the term hormone evolved.
D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.
2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
B.Synthetic hormones can replace a persons natural supply of hormones if necessary.
C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a persons age.
D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___.
A.during sleep.
B.in the endocrine glands.
C.under control of the nervous system.
D.during strenuous exercise.
4.The word liberate could best be replaced by which of the following?
A.Emancipate
B.Discharge
C.Surrender
D.Save
5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.
A.duct glands
B.endocrine glands
C.ductless glands
D.intestinal glands.
GRE多义词辨析C1
新GRE词汇有那么重要吗?
GRE词汇分类式记忆法(十三)
快速记忆GRE词汇 词根cruc所示单词
推荐GRE填空单词精简版:G-I
GRE词汇词根:anti
新GRE单词多义词辨析B2
新GRE词汇备考方法:不必死背单词
拆分联想法 轻松背诵GRE词汇方法
GRE红宝书缺失词汇(五)
听故事记GRE单词:窈窕淑女
听“起义”故事 轻松记GRE单词
GRE词汇:词根cur词汇整理
新GRE单词五大记忆方法
新GRE词汇分类式记忆法(十二)
推荐GRE填空单词精简版:J-M
GRE红宝书缺失词汇汇总(四)
推荐GRE填空单词精简版:U-W
听故事记GRE单词:二战故事
GRE备考:新GRE考试新增词汇70个
新GRE考试词汇量的变化
GRE词汇分类式记忆法(十六)
整理新GRE词汇备考:数学词汇D
GRE备考:新GRE词汇分类式记忆法
GRE词汇狂人 10天背完红宝书
GRE词汇词根:cur curs cour cours
新GRE考试新增词汇70个
GRE词汇:描述“女子”的词汇
背诵GRE单词三大误区
新GRE单词多义词辨析B1
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |