Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term hormone was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning to excite or set in motion. The term endocrine was introduced shortly thereafter Endocrine is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term endocrine contrasts with exocrine, which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
1.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?
A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.
B.To provide general information about hormones.
C.To explain how the term hormone evolved.
D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.
2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
B.Synthetic hormones can replace a persons natural supply of hormones if necessary.
C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a persons age.
D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___.
A.during sleep.
B.in the endocrine glands.
C.under control of the nervous system.
D.during strenuous exercise.
4.The word liberate could best be replaced by which of the following?
A.Emancipate
B.Discharge
C.Surrender
D.Save
5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.
A.duct glands
B.endocrine glands
C.ductless glands
D.intestinal glands.
美国单身女性登广告征男友共度圣诞节
生活希望我们学会的10条人生道理V
英国将取消艾滋病人从医资格禁令
恋人的照片能减轻疼痛
女性“恶毒”对待性感女郎是本能反应
安卓推出智能“手表电话”
日本单身人数创历史新高1/4不想找对象
2017末日预言再现玛雅砖块!
幸福不遥远 细数你的小幸福 III
按照人的年龄算,你家狗狗今年几岁啦?
中国加入WTO十年得失
英国人更爱说cheers不爱说thank you
2011国际艾滋病日:零感染 零歧视 零死亡
世界最长指甲18年未曾修剪
成功路上必须迈开的10步
每天身心忙碌两小时可预防痴呆
10款搞怪的创意浴袍
韩国认定性骚扰为“工伤”可获赔
创意丰富的人更容易骗人?
在工作日中促进每日健康
姚明将改行做葡萄酒
百岁老人长寿秘诀:预防常见疾病是关键
无线网络辐射或降低男性精子活力
如何进行一次高效的求职面试
你的“头像”出卖了你的性格
法国推出新防雾镜片 帮助眼镜保持清晰
训练顶级头脑的10种方法(2)
传iPad3和iPhone5将面世 身材双双“发福”
美发明车载报警系统提前识别闯红灯者
爱自己:说给自己微情话
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |