通用的悲鸣

　　2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 　　Business 　　商业报道 　　General Motors woes 　　通用的悲鸣 　　What do you recall? 　　你召回什么? 　　GM is forced to confront its faults 　　通用被迫面对它的错误 　　WHEN Mary Barra took the wheel at General Motors in January she inherited a company ingood shape. 　　Mary Barra 在二月份接掌通用汽车时，公司运转态势良好。 　　Five years after bankruptcy, its profits were exceeding expectations and its share price wasrising. 　　破产5年之后，它的利润增长超过预期，股价也在持续上升。 　　But the new boss s to-do list was long: fixing GM s loss-making European arm, keeping upmomentum in China amid signs of a slowdown and rejuvenating the product line. 　　但是新的掌门人面临着一系列的问题：整顿欧洲分支的亏损问题;在出现衰退迹象的情况下，保持中国市场的发展势头并发展生产线。 　　Ms Barra s predecessor, Dan Akerson, warned her that she would also face curve balls. 　　Barra女士的前任Dan Akerson 告诫她可能也会面临曲线球。 　　The first has arrived sooner than she might have expected. 　　第一个比她预期的来得更快。 　　What appeared to be a routine recall in mid-February of about 800,000 older models, linkedto a faulty ignition switch, has turned out to be anything but. 　　在二月中旬看似是例行召回的800000辆旧款车结果显示只是因为点火开关的缺陷。 　　The number of cars recalled has leapt to more than 2.6m. 　　被召回的车已经超过260万辆。 　　The company s inept handling of a safety problem that first became apparent a decade agois now linked to the deaths of at least 13 motorists. 　　公司对于安全问题的笨拙处理，在十年之前首次显露。现在已经与至少13位驾驶者的死亡有关。 　　Called before Congress on April 1st to answer for GM s failings Ms Barra said she was deeplysorry but insisted that the post-bankruptcy new GM was not like the old GM, which hadfailed to deal with the ignition switches for years. 　　4月1号被召到国会回答通用失败的原因，Barra说她深表遗憾，但是她强调破产重组后的新通用和处理点火开关多年未果的老通用不同。 　　Politicians and the public alike want to know how such a problem could have remainedunaddressed for so long. 　　政客和公众想知道为什么这样一个问题能够悬而未决这么久。 　　Cars are becoming ever more complex machines, with thousands of mechanical andelectronic parts. 　　汽车构造越来越复杂，有着成千上万的机械以及电气构造。 　　Recalls are not uncommon. 　　召回并不罕见。 　　Last year it happened to 22m vehicles in America, compared with 18m in 2012. 　　去年美国有2200万汽车召回，而2012年召回了1800万辆。 　　In fact, GM was one of only three brands that recalled fewer vehicles than it sold. 　　实际上，通用曾是召回比售出少的三巨头之一。 　　Niggling problems, like squeaks or rattles, that do not affect safety are more common still. 　　不影响安全的类似于发出吱吱声或者为嗡嗡声的琐碎问题愈发常见。 　　They may be fixed at a routine service; the owner may never know. 　　它们有可能在例行服务中被处理好，汽车所有者可能永远都不会知道。 　　The growing number of recalls is testament to an improving system for picking up faults. 　　增加的召回数量是发现问题体系在不断完善的明证。 　　But it is very complicated. 　　但是这个系统很复杂。 　　Dealers must record replacements of parts under warranty. 　　经销商必须在授权下记录置换部分。 　　The carmaker needs to spot the trend, recognise it as a problem and then determinewhether or not it is a design fault that requires wholesale replacement. 　　汽车制造者需要发现这一趋势，认定其为一个问题，然后确认是否为需要全部替换的设计失误。 　　It relies on accurate recording of every warranty replacement in every region, saysAndrew Bergbaum of AlixPartners, a firm of consultants. 　　咨询公司AlixPartners的Andrew Bergbaum说：它依赖于每一地区的每一个授权置换的精确记录。 　　This system appears to have broken down at old GM. 　　但是这一体系在老通用貌似没能施行。 　　Ms Barra needs to find out why. 　　Barra需要找出其原因。 　　At the heart of the matter is a widely used ignition switch that has a tendency to slip fromthe on position to off if a driver uses a heavy keychain or bounces down a rough road. 　　问题的核心是：广泛使用的点火开关在驾驶者使用重钥匙串或者在崎岖路上颠簸时有从开滑落到关的趋向。 　　A modification was made in 2008 to prevent the problem, which can lead to the engineshutting off, disabling the airbags. 　　一个装置在2008年被设计出来解决这一问题，但是它可能导致引擎熄火和安全气囊的失效。 　　But despite a growing list of crashes and deaths, GM failed to order a recall for a componentthat would have cost a few dollars at most. 　　尽管有着上升的撞车及死亡记录，但是通用并没有进行召回，虽然这些召回最多只是花一点钱。 　　This is odd. 　　这很奇怪。 　　Most carmakers want to identify and fix problems speedily despite having to bear the cost ofbuying and fitting a new component. 　　大多数汽车制造者希望及时发现并处理问题，尽管会支付购买以及安装新元件的费用。 　　A small part can do great harm, if bad publicity leads to reputational corrosion, lost salesand litigation, which in America can include hefty punitive damages. 　　千里之堤溃于蚁穴，如果坏的消息传开导致名誉受损、销量下降以及被起诉，这在美国预示着高额惩罚性赔偿。 　　Appearing to put profits before safety is also liable to batter a firm s shares, as GM hasdiscovered. 　　通用证实了，表现得重利益甚于重视安全也会引起公司股票的大跌。 　　So far Ms Barra has handled the situation well. 　　Barra到目前为止将这个局面处理得很好。 　　She seems to have acted as soon as she found out something was awry. 　　她似乎在一发现事情不对，就立即采取行动。 　　And she has borrowed strategies from Toyota, which was forced into recalling more than 10mvehicles in 2009 and 2010 after worrying instances of unintended acceleration. 　　她借鉴了丰田公司的策略。丰田在担心突然加速的例子，在2009年和2010年先后召回了1000万辆汽车。 　　Akio Toyoda, Toyota s boss, also appeared before Congress, contrite and apologetic. 　　丰田公司掌门人Akio Toyoda也在国会现身，赔礼道歉。 　　GM, like Toyota, has appointed a worldwide safety tsar to cut through the bureaucracy thatmay have delayed action on the faulty switch. 　　通用和丰田一样，任命了一个全球性的安全特使来整饬可能导致拖延问题开关处理的官僚作风。 　　And in a frenzy of housecleaning, GM has recalled another 2m vehicles in America alone. 　　在一场狂风骤雨般的清理中，通用单单在美国就另外召回了200万辆车。 　　GM looks set to accept moral, if not legal, responsibility. 　　如果不是法律要求的，通用似乎也会接受道德责任。 　　The terms of its exit from bankruptcy give immunity to lawsuits for injuries arisingbeforehand. 　　通用退出破产的条件赋予其豁免于之前伤害诉讼的权利。 　　But GM is likely to compensate survivors and victims families anyway. 　　但是通用不管怎样，可能赔偿幸存者以及遇难者家属。 　　Toyota had a terrible year after its big recalls, battered by mounting costs and falling sales. 　　丰田在它的大召回后经历了困难的一年，深陷于大量的费用以及减少的销量之中。 　　But it has since regained the lost ground. 　　但是它已经重新夺回失去的市场。 　　It is not yet clear how much of a hammering GM will take. 　　通用会经受怎样的打击现在还不清楚。 　　But hours before Ms Barra s meeting with Congress, the Insurance Institute for HighwaySafety issued a coveted Top Safety Pick endorsement for the new Chevrolet Malibu, one ofa growing number of well-received cars from GM. 　　但是在Barra出席国会之前，高速公路安全保险机构颁发了一个令人垂涎的最高安全评价的认证给了通用销量大涨、广受欢迎的雪佛兰迈锐宝。 　　That suggests it is at least on the road to redemption. 　　这表明通用至少在救赎的路上。 　　词语解释 　　1.deal with 应付;对待 　　He also has some unfamiliar problems to dealwith. 　　但他还有一些不熟悉的问题需要处理。 　　Deal with a boss who bullies. 　　对付以强欺弱的老板。 　　2.keep up 持续不变;保持;保养 　　Many japanese strive to keep up egalitarian appearances. 　　很多日本人努力保持平等待人的形象。 　　Magritte could not keep up this phlegmatic act, however. 　　话虽如此，但他似乎无法这种保持冷静的行为。 　　3.link to 与连接， 联系 　　Why not express those thoughts coherently and all together on a blog or facebook or googleplus post, and link to that from twitter? 　　为什么不一口气在博客或者Facebook或者Google Plus的帖子里阐明自己的观点，再在Twitter上发布相关链接呢? 　　I have to say that I am really enjoying my direct link to the cloud, which was inserted in thesoft tissue behind my eye last winter. 　　我得说，我相当享受与云端的直接链接，去年冬天，它们植入了我双眼下面的软组织中。 　　4.fail to 未能 　　Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 　　世事变迁，而且你也未能领会承受折磨的真相。 　　Those who view liquidation of past excesses as the solution fail to understand the risks. 　　那些认为清除过去的金融过度现象就能解决问题的人，未能理解风险所在。