车间里的英雄

　　2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 　　America and the second world war 　　美国和第二次世界战争 　　The workshop heroes 　　车间里的英雄 　　A tribute to the unsung workers 　　致敬无名工作者 　　MacArthur had help engineering victory 　　麦克阿瑟将军曾对工程师的胜利作过贡献 　　Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers who Turned the Tide in the Second World War.ByPaul Kennedy. 　　工程师的胜利：问题解决者曾扭转了二战的局势 　　NEARLY 70 years after the second world war and with most of the combatants now dead, aleading historian can praise the Wehrmacht. Not, of course, its evil racism but its militaryprowess. On the battlefields, writes Paul Kennedy of Yale University, Germany s soldiersearned universal respect for their capacity to react swiftly and fiercely to an assault onany front. His superlatives continue to flow. The Wehrmacht possessed a fabulous capacityto recover and strike back; Germany s paratroopers were ultra- competent; the Reichfought with astounding tenacity. 　　二战结束近70年后，大部分的参战者已与世长辞。也许主流的历史学家会赞扬纳粹德国，当然是它英勇的军队，而非那邪恶的种族主义。耶鲁大学教授保罗肯尼迪写到，德国士兵因战场上敏捷的反应能力及勇猛地向前方发起攻势而赢得普遍尊重。保罗肯尼迪的巅峰之作继续流传。纳粹德国拥有极好的反应和反击能力，空降兵相当出色，整个帝国持久作战的能力也十分惊人。 　　How then did Germany come to lose the war? The British-born historian strives to avoidreductionism. Unlike others, he says, he does not claim that the Allies victory can beexplained solely by brute force or by a wonder weapon or by some magical decryptingsystem. There were multiple factors. Some have been exaggerated. Bletchley Park wascertainly far less important than most of the popular literature about the codebreakerssuggests. Sir Arthur Bomber Harris s determination not to target the enemy s oil,transport and electricity grids but to blast cities instead was, he writes, a weird panacea. 　　德国是如何输掉这次战争的呢?一位英国的历史学家极力避免还原真相。他说，他不像其他人那样断言盟军的胜利只因为强大的军事力量或一件神奇的武器或某些神秘的解密系统。盟军的胜利有多种原因。一些事实被夸大。布莱切利园 当然远不比关于破译者自述的那些大量流行著作重要。他写道，轰炸机阿瑟哈里斯的决心不是把目标放在敌人的石油、交通和电网上，而是要炸毁整座城市，怪异的灵丹妙药。 　　Against this, Mr Kennedy argues, some reasons for the Allies success deserve much greateremphasis. One of them, the stupendous might of America s military-industrial complex,was recognised at last in Arthur Herman s Freedom s Forge, reviewed here last year. MrKennedy celebrates another crucial component: the role of engineers. What they invented,improvised and improved had, by 1943, begun to turn the tide against Germany and Japan. 　　肯尼迪反对道：盟军胜利有一些更值得强调的原因。其中，美国军工铁三角惊人的势力最终在亚瑟赫尔曼《铸就自由》一书中被证实，去年本杂志也评论过此事。肯尼迪赞美盟军胜利的另一个重要因素是：工程师的角色。到1943年，他们的发明、创造和改进开始扭转抗衡德国和日本的局势。 　　By then long-range B-24 Liberator bombers protected convoys of merchant ships crossingthe Atlantic; Hedgehog grenades destroyed Grand Admiral Karl D?nitz s U-boats; B-17 FlyingFortress bombers flew from airfields in England deep into Germany and drove the Japaneseback in the Pacific; T-34 tanks led the blood-soaked Soviet counter-attack on the EasternFront; Mustang fighter planes decimated Germany s flying aces. 　　那时超远程的B-24解放者轰炸机保护商船的护航队穿过大西洋;刺猬手榴弹摧毁德国大海军上将 KarlDnitz s的潜艇;B-17空中堡垒轰炸机在英国机场起飞，深入德国内部，穿过日本返回太平洋;苏联的血腥武器T-34坦克东线进行反击;野马战斗机摧毁了德国顶尖飞行员。 　　Mr Kennedy also rescues the engineers of the US Navy Construction Battalions from relativeobscurity. Popularly known as the Seabees, these were the units that built the bases, theinstallations, the assembly points and the roads that carried the Allied fight forward. Theirachievements more than justify Mr Kennedy s assertion that engineers are essential tomilitary victory. Yet, as he rightly complains, historians of grand campaigns all too oftentake their work for granted and assume that troops, fleets and air squadrons can be movedlong distances by the stroke of a pen on a large map. 　　肯尼迪还救助过默默无闻的美国海军建设营的工程师，也就是人们俗称的海军工程营人员。他们负责建设基地，设备，集散地点和盟军向前进攻的道路。这些人的成就远远足以证明肯尼迪的说法，工程师是军事胜利的重要部分。然而，正如他抱怨地那样，研究大事记的历史学家往往把他们的工作看成是理所当然的，他们认为军队、舰队和空军中队可以很容易地移动像在地图上随笔一挥那样长的距离。 　　Seabee statistics are still amazing. In the Pacific alone they built, in the midst of war, 111major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5mmen and hospitals for 70,000 patients. The famous photograph of General Douglas MacArthurfulfilling his I shall return promise to the Philippines was possible only after skilful Seabeeshad managed the pontoon bridges and causeway units that brought the army ashorealongwith the photographers, of course. 　　海军修建营人员所作成就的数据仍令人惊讶。战争年代他们在太平洋孤岛上修建了111个主要简易机场和441个码头，存放100加仑燃料的坦克，容纳150万人的住房和容纳70,000例病人的医院。麦克阿瑟将军对菲律宾承诺我还要回来，这张著名的照片可能只有在技术娴熟的海军修建营成员成功管理浮筒桥梁和铜锣单位之后才可能实现。当然是铜锣单位把军队和摄影师一起带上岸。 　　Mr Kennedy s best-known book is The Rise and Fall of Great Powersand his knowledge ofearlier conflicts adds depth and colour to his history of the middle years of the war. Alexanderthe Great, Julius Caesar, the Duke of Marlborough, Napoleon, William Tecumseh Shermanand others march across the pages as Mr Kennedy compares and contrasts their actions withthose of their counterparts in 1943-44. And he is able to cite several instances ofBritish-American-Soviet bickering to sustain the Duke of Wellington s grumble that havingenemies is nothing like as bad as having allies. 　　保罗肯尼迪的著作是《大国的兴衰》，他早年的斗争经历增加了中年战争历史的深度和色彩。此书对亚历山大大帝、凯撒大帝、马尔伯勒公爵、拿破仑、威廉特库姆塞谢尔曼和肯尼迪等人进行了整篇幅的描述，并将他们与同处1943-44年代的对手们进行了对比。威灵顿公爵曾怨言：有敌人一点也不像有盟友那样糟糕，保罗肯尼迪就此能举出英、美、苏联验证这句话的几个实例。 　　词语解释 　　1.continue to 继续 　　We will continue to reduce that exposure. 　　未来，我们还将继续减持。 　　So will kweichow moutai continue to struggle duringthe year of the snake? 　　因此，贵州茅台在蛇年里还会继续苦苦挣扎吗? 　　2.fight with 与争斗 　　Did she fight with anyone? 　　她和别人打架了么? 　　Why did you fight with him? 　　那你为什么和他吵架呢? 　　3.strive to 力图;力求 　　Wise firms will strive to remove barriers for women. 　　明智的公司会力求为女性移除障碍。 　　You are good when you strive to give of yourself. 　　当你们力求奉献自己时，你们是善的。 　　4.promise to 保证 　　Corbat has won fans among investors with his what-you-see-is-what-you-get personality andpromise to cut costs. 　　凭借率直坦诚的个性和削减成本的承诺，考伯特已在投资者中赢得了一些拥趸。 　　I promise to come back soon. 　　我保证不久就会回来的。