2015年阅读精选:Albert Ellis Albert Ellis, who died last month at age 93, believed that psychotherapy should be short term, goal oriented, and efficient; his method, introduced in 1955 and now known as rational emotive behavior therapy, is one of the foundations of today s cognitive-behavioral therapy. The theory: Irrational ways of thinking underlie most psychological conditions, and patients can get better by tackling these skewed thinking patterns, correcting them, and developing new ones. In a 2006 survey of social workers and psychologists conducted by Psychotherapy Networker in partnership with Joan Cook, an adjunct assistant professor of medical psychology at Columbia University, over 60 percent said that they employ cognitive-behavioral techniques in their work. What cognitive therapy does is focus on the present, says Judith Beck, director of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research outside Philadelphia. Beck is the daughter of Aaron Beck, who developed his own form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, simply called cognitive therapy, in the early 1960s when he was a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania. Rather than exploring in depth the issues surrounding a patient s childhood, dreams, past relationships, and life experiencesessential in Freudian psychoanalysisthe short-term cognitive approach focuses on developing skills the patient can use to have a better week. Cognitive therapists may go into those deeper issues if necessary, but the goal is not insight alone but also practical problem solving and symptom reduction, says Beck. Techniques used to that end may include weighing evidence to evaluate whether a patient s self-image is skewed, developing a more realistic worldview, prioritizing problems, and setting an agenda for dealing with them. According to research by Aaron Beck and others, cognitive therapy is as effective as antidepressants in initially treating mild, moderate, and severe depression, and patients who had used cognitive therapy and stopped were less likely to relapse than those who stopped medication. Cognitive therapy has also been shown to decrease the risk for repeated suicide attempts in seriously depressed patients. REBT, on the other hand, focuses on disputing irrational beliefs, as Ellis s disciplines put it, or directly confronting and challenging a patient s thoughts about a situation. The method is used to treat the spectrum of psychological problems, from depression and anxiety to post-traumatic stress disorder. Therapists may draw from the wider tradition of cognitive-behavioral methods, but they owe an intellectual debt to Albert Ellis whenever they dispute a patient s irrational beliefs. Though that approach has gained a reputation for confrontation and tough-mindedness, Kristene Doyle, associate executive director of the Albert Ellis Institute in New York City and a clinical psychologist specializing in REBT, says that collaboration between the therapist and patient, a patient s complete self-acceptance, and the therapist s unconditional acceptance of the patient are also essential to REBT.
中考单词易错点解析:Borrow and Lend
中考英语知识点:中考英语易混词复习--afraid frightened terrible
中考单词易错点解析:Alone and Lonely
中考英语知识点:中考英语重点单词用法--terrify
中考英语知识点:中考英语必背短语和词组D
中考单词易错点解析:Advice and Advise
中考单词易错点解析:Wake and Awake
复习资料:常见英语短语及词组知识点小结
中考英语知识点:中考英语重点单词用法--continue
中考单词易错点解析:Quite and Quiet
中考单词易错点解析:Dessert and Desert
中考英语知识点:初中英语必背词组总结 5
中考单词易错点解析:Cite and Site
中考英语复习资料:中考英语重点单词用法--decide
中考单词易错点解析:Autumn and Fall
牛津初中英语词汇表:以字母C开头
中考英语复习资料:中考英语重点单词用法--run
中考单词易错点解析:Require and Acquire
中考单词易错点解析:Cent and Sent
牛津初中英语词汇表:以字母D开头
中考单词易错点解析:Marry and Merry
牛津初中英语词汇表:以字母B开头
中考英语知识点:中考英语易混词复习--treat heal
中考单词易错点解析:Accept and Except
中考单词易错点解析:It’s and Its
中考英语知识点:初中英语必背词组总结3
中考英语知识点:中考英语易混词复习--all whole
中考英语复习资料:中考英语重点单词用法--go
中考单词易错点解析:Bath and Bathe
中考单词易错点解析:Late and Early
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