2015理解强化练习及解析(5) Everybody loves afat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleaguehas been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, youmight even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all toohuman,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not becapable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by SarahBrosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which hasjust been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well。 The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchinmonkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, andthey share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of good andservices than males。 Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. deWaals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys toexchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchangepieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed inseparate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other wasgetting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different。 In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods . So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange forher token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange atall, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of thechamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presenceof a grape in the other chamber was enoughto induce resentment in a female capuchin。 The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, areguided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-livingspecies. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feelsit is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are notthe preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes thesefeelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether sucha sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whetherit stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is, as yet, an unanswered question。 21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by [A] posing a contrast。 [B] justifying an assumption。 [C]making a comparison。 [D]explaining a phenomenon。 22. The statement it is all too monkey implies that [A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals。 [B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature。 [C]monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。 [D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions。 23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research mostprobably because they are [A]more inclined to weigh what they get。 [B]attentive to researchers instructions。 [C]nice in both appearance and temperament。 [D]more generous than their male companions。 24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in theirstudy that the monkeys [A]prefer grapes to cucumbers。 [B]can be taught to exchange things。 [C]will not be co-operative if feeling cheated。 [D]are unhappy when separated from others。 25. When can we infer from the last paragraph? [A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions。 [B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source。 [C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as human do。 [D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild。
少儿英语音标入门:长元音[i:]的发音方法
少儿英语故事:Car in a Car Wash
格林童话故事(28)
故事狮子和农夫
伊索寓言Lesson 38 The horse and the ass 马和驴
少儿英语故事:Comics in the Newspaper
佛教的故事:The Birth Of A Banyan Tree
伊索寓言Lesson 31 The young thief and his mother 小偷和他的母亲
伊索寓言Lesson 30 The milkmaid and her pail 挤牛奶的姑娘
少儿英语故事:He Talks to Mom
伊索寓言Lesson 34 The dog and the wolf 狗和狼
少儿英语故事:Her Doll Is Like Her
幼儿英语单词大全
少儿英语小故事:圣诞节晚宴上的餐前祷告
寓言故事:雌狐与母狮
伊索寓言Lesson 33 The two pots 两口锅
格林童话故事(33)
神话故事:珀琉斯的婚礼
伊索寓言Lesson 29 The trumpeter taken prisoner 号兵
伊索寓言Lesson 37 The frogs and the well 青蛙和井
伊索寓言Lesson 35 The dove and the ant 鸽子和蚂蚁
故事:兔子的故事
少儿英语小故事:我让奶奶高兴了
少儿英语音标入门:短元音[i]的发音方法
故事:兔八哥和他的朋友们
少儿英语故事:A One-Mile
古代故事:曹冲称象
格林童话故事(8)
幼儿英语单词大全:交通工具英语名称(vehicles)
幼儿英语单词大全:气象英语名称(weather)
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