Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all too human , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan s and Dr. de Waal s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods . So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第52篇)
王长喜版大学英语六级考试标准阅读(第11篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第53篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第26篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第19篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第7篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第50篇)
1999年大学英语六级真题阅读译文
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第30篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第20篇)
英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第44篇)
大学英语六级考试阅读理解练习题(9)
通过三种途径提高大学英语六级考试阅读能力
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第47篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第32篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第23篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第16篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第14篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第41篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第48篇)
大学英语四六级考试精读荟萃100篇(5)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第49篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第15篇)
大学英语四六级考试精读荟萃100篇(4)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第38篇)
英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第1篇)
大学英语六级阅读难点100句(3)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第54篇)
英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第9篇)
大学英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第25篇)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |