47 Folk Cultures
A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal. Relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of
the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amishs central religious concept of Demut humility, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.
By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and a pronounced many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as clearly different from folk. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.
2001年河北省初中英语升学统一考试
北京市2005年高级中等学校招生统一考试(海淀卷)
中考英语阅读测试(三)
2006年北京市海淀区初中毕业考试英语试卷
2006年中考英语最后测验模拟试题(一)
2001福州市英语试题
2007年中考英语单选预测题集锦(二)
中考英语词汇训练4(上)
提高英语阅读速度克服指读和声读不良习惯
备战中考:英语单项选择之经典真题演练
中考英语冲刺复习:易错题汇编及分析
2006年北京市海淀区初中毕业考试英语试卷答案
2007中考英语总复习:单项选择200道
中考英语阅读测试(一)
2006年中考英语最后测验模拟试题(二)
2001年北京市东城区初中升学统一考试试题
北京市海淀区2003年中考英语试卷分析
2006年北京市海淀区初中毕业考试英语试卷
2007年中考英语单选预测题集锦(一)
中考英语阅读理解:本杰明·富兰克林
中考英语阅读理解:垃圾收集工
04年中考英语热门考点:关于“神五”
2007年中考英语单选预测题集锦(三)
中考英语阅读理解:一门普通的语言
北京市海淀区2003年中考英语试题
中考英语阅读理解:艺术家与乞丐
2000年北京丰台区中考英语试题
2005英语中考试卷答案
中考英语阅读理解:电视与收音机对儿童的影响
2001年哈尔滨市初中升学英语试题
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |