11 Archaeology
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may change the course of history, but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologists standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
GRE写作提纲举例指导(39)
GRE写作例子怎么利用才算好
ETS6分GRE写作Issue部分范文欣赏
ETS4分GRE写作Issue范文欣赏
GRE写作提纲举例指导(40)
GRE作文中锦上添花的例句
GRE写作 V S SAT写作
让GRE官网告诉你什么是Analyze an Issue
GRE写作中的名言警句
GRE写作提纲举例指导(37)
新GRE写作要有思想
GRE作文高分从这里开始
GRE写作备考:题库+规划+练笔
GRE写作高分句式
牛人的GRE写作备考经历
GRE写作的含金量多重?
关于GRE写作名人素材 哥白尼
什么样的GRE写作分数才够申请
ETS官网GRE5分范文欣赏
GRE写作字数如何把握
GRE写作提纲举例指导(33)
GRE写作提纲举例指导(35)
GRE写作提纲举例指导(34)
GRE写作素材的积累、评估与运用
GRE写作素材之拿破仑
GRE写作该怎么运用模板
GRE高分作文句式借鉴
新GRE写作范文赏析
来自ETS的GRE写作策略
新GRE写作思路之正反立论
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |