10 Types of Speech
Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions
英语学习之巧记形容词的位置
四级英语中的否定转移
英语四级考试阅读备考策略
四六级七种语法特点介绍
英语学习之否定意义副词引起的倒装
英语学习之作表语的英语形容词
动词make表使役
英语学习之分词的独立结构精讲
英语学习之易犯的语法错误
老师谈四级句型的灵活运用
英语四级名词从句详解
英语学习之英语时态呼应规律
四级only的几种特殊用法
四级考试with用法解析
英语学习之数词的用法
英语学习之四级考试虚拟语气考点及对策
四级语法中英语倍数表达法
英语学习之零冠词的用法
英语学习之谓语动词用复数的情况
英语学习之as, which 非限定性定语从句
英语学习之动名词的完成式
英语学习之冠词位置
英语学习之不定式、-ING分词和-ED分词三者间的关系
“while”的含义及译法
英语四级英语的基本句式
英语学习之不定冠词的用法
虚拟语气讲解资料
英语学习之虚拟语气---比较if only与only if
英语学习之没有被动语态的及物动词
英语学习之四级英语中的情态动词
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