09 Suburbanization
If by suburb is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题23 议论文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题8 名词和主谓一致(1)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题15 细节理解题(含解析)
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2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题11 名词性从句(2)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题5 非谓语动词(3)(含解析)
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2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气(1)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题16 推理判断题(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题18 主旨大意题(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题4 形容词和副词(1)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题3 介词、介词短语和动词短语(2)(含解析)
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2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题2 代词(3)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题9 并列句和状语从句(1)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题29 (半)开放作文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题28 图画作文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题4 形容词和副词(2)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题6 动词的时态和语态(2)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题11 名词性从句(3)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题6 动词的时态和语态(1)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气(2)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题14 短文改错(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题22 夹叙夹议文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题8 名词和主谓一致(2)(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习专题撬分练:专题5 非谓语动词(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题27 图表作文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题26 提纲作文(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题25 基础写作(含解析)
2017届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练:专题21 记叙文(含解析)
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