失爆与连读
学习方法:失爆连读规则繁琐细致,逐条记忆会耗费大量时间。在此将各种情况归纳列表附在本篇后,只需在浏览过规则以后将列表和例句通读几遍,便能自然掌握各种失爆连读情况和培养出较强的英语语感,从根本上提高语言使用能力。
一.失爆:失音,顾名思义就是某一个或者几个音脱落,把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。
单词间的失音有四种类型。
类型一:前一词以持续音+/t/ /d/结尾,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括:/st/+辅音 /ft/+辅音 /Ft/+辅音 /nd/+辅音 /ld/+辅音 /zd/+辅音 /Td/+辅音 /vd/+辅音 /Wt/+辅音 /md/+辅音 /Nd/+辅音 /nt/+辅音 /lt/+辅音
例如:
last class /la:s kla:s/ next day / neks dei/ bend back/ben b k/
类型二:前一词以 破音/擦音+ /t/ /d/结束,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括: /pt/+辅音 /kt/+辅音 /tft/+辅音 /bd/+辅音 /gd/+辅音 /djd/+辅音 /jd/+辅音
例如:
kept quiet /kep kwai t/ swept valley /swep v li/
liked jam
parched throat
fetched me
rubbed gently
注:后一词如始于h则/t/ /d/很少脱落
例如:kept her waiting
类型三:动词否定结尾的缩写形式 nt 中的/t/失音
例如:
You mustnt lose it
Doesnt she know?
He wouldnt overeat.
类型四:前一词以/t/ 结束,后一词以/t/ 或 /d/开头,则前面的/t/往往失音。
例如
Ive got to go.
What do you want?
另外,不完全爆破虽然没有归纳到失音类型里来,但实质上也存在不发音现象。
如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音 则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。
例如:
cut down
stick to
break down
let go
二.连读:连贯讲话自然会出现连读现象,在中文中也同样存在,例如传统的北京方言。连读主要出现在意义联系较紧的词,如冠词与名词,数词和名词,动词与副词,连接词与代名词之间。语义自然停顿的地方不用连读。
连读类型:
类型一:辅音与下一个单词的元音连缀,使全句连贯。
例如:
in an hour
an English book
an apple
a lot of time
类型二:单词以元音结尾,则在元音后加上/r/音以便和下个单词起首元音连缀。
据伦敦出版的第十三版Pronouncing Dictionary 记载,元音间连读情况多出现在以/E/ /iE/ /Z[/ /B:/ /E:/ /C:/结尾的词后。
例如:
more or less
bear up
the idea of it
类型三:后单词以h开始,则前面单词结尾音直接与后面单词的元音连读, 此处h很少发音。
例如:
give him
let her
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