四级听力短文理解模拟训练第9套

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　26.A) There were no planets without moons.

　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.

　　C) Life was not possible in outer space.

　　D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.

　　27.A) It has a number of active volcanoes.

　　B) It has an atmosphere like the earths.

　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface.

　　D) It has deep caves several miles long.

　　28.A) Light is not an essential element to it.

　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.

　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.

　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.

　　Since early time. people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europas ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as eaves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life. have been seen. there. So the lack of light in Europas sub-surface ocean doesnt automatically rule out life forming.

　　Questions:

　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?

　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?

　　26.C

　　细节题。本题询问科学家曾经相信什么事实?根据问题关键词once可以定位到文章第二句的关键词until recently.意为曾经如何，过去一直认为如何。原文是Until recently，scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream.也就是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命，与答案C相符。A是说所有星球都会有卫星，B是说木星上没有空气或水;D是说生命的奥秘不能被解开。所以C为正确答案。

　　27.C

　　细节题。本题询问科学家在Europa这个星球上找到什么?根据问题关键词Europa，a moon of Jupiter锁定到文章中语句Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface.选项C与之相一致。A是说它有许多活火山;B是说它的大气层和地球的相像;D是说它有好儿英里长的洞穴。所以C为正确答案。

　　28.A

　　细节题。本题询问科学家关于生命的形成最近发现了什么?文章末尾提到Until recently，scientists thought that light was essential.But now，places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface.And bacteria.primitive forms of life，have been seen there.与选项A表述一致。B是说生命可以在很高的温度下形成;C是说每种生命形式都在经历进化;D是说氧气对于有些生命形式来说是不需要的。所以A 为正确答案。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.A) Whether they should take the child home.

　　B) What Dr. Meyers instructions exactly were.

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home.

　　D) When the child would completely recover.

　　30.A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions.

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.

　　D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31.A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors.

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context.

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Myer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Myer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument theyd been having over exactly what advice she had given. As I talked to them, I was amazed. she said, All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people. This episode gave Doctor Myer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or latermost people just dont listen very well. Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients situation. Doctor Myers listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with the challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

　　Questions:

　　29. What did the childs family members argue about in the hospital?

　　30. What does Doctor Myer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?

　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

　　29.B

　　细节题。本题询问孩子的亲属在为什么而争论，原文提到the family asked her to settle an argument theyd been having over exactly what advice she had given.A是说他们能否把小孩带回家;C是说在家里应由谁来照顾小孩;D是说小孩什么时候能彻底康复。这些都与原文不符，因此B是正确答案。

　　30.D

　　细节题。本题询问Myer医生怎么样确定病人完全明白了自己的建议。文章中提到She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do.tell her对应D选项中的repeat，即再讲一遍。A是说鼓励他们提出疑问;B是说让他们把医嘱写下来;C是说要他们演示一下要在家做什么，这些都与原文不符。因此D为正确答案。

　　31.A

　　推理判断题。本题询问作者对于口语交流的看法。答案出现在结尾处，原文human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word。 A选项几乎与原文一致。B是说它有很多语法上的错误;C是说它过于依赖于上下文联系;D是说它有助于人际交往，这些都与原文不符。因此A为正确答案。

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.A) Job security.

　　B) Good labour relations.

　　C) Challenging work.

　　D) Attractive wages and benefits.

　　33.A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.

　　C) Computers will change to nature of many jobs.

　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.

　　34.A) Offer them chances of promotion.

　　B) Improve their working conditions.

　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.

　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35.A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.

　　B) They concern a small number of people only.

　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.

　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.

　　It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as part of a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

　　Questions:

　　32. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?

　　33. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?

　　34. What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?

　　35. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?

　　32.C

　　细节题。本题询问到底什么可以真正激励员工努力工作呢。原文提到Motivators，in contrast，include things such as having a challenging and interesting job，recognition and responsibility.A是说工作安全性;B是说好的工作关系;D是说高薪和福利。这三项在文章第一句话中出现，但Frederick Herzberg认为这些do not motivate workers。因此C是正确答案。

　　33.A

　　细节题。本题询问作者对电脑信息时代工作的看法。文章中提到However，even with the development of computers and robotics，there are always plenty of boring，repetitive and mechanical jobs，and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.选项A中tedious无聊的，manually手工做地，与原文相对应。B是说越来越多的没有一技之长的工人将失业;C是说计算机将会改变许多工作的性质;D是说枯燥的工作将会渐渐变得有趣，均与原文不符。因此A为正确答案。

　　34.D

　　细节题。本题询问超市如何激励员工努力工作。在文中激励超市员工工作是作者引用的一个事例，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities，not as individuals，but as a part of a team.关键词responsibilities.team都出现在选项D中。A是说提供给员工升职的机会;B是说改善工作环境;C是说鼓励员工与他人竞争，文中均未提及。因此D为正确答案。

　　35.B

　　细节题。本题询问为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情。答案出现在结尾处 Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets，which ultimately only concern a few people.B选项是原文only concern a few people的同义转述。A是说它不能给员工带来真正的利益;C是说它是由管理层独断设立的;D是说它超出了一般员工的掌控，文中均未提及。因此B为正确答案。