高三英语语法和惯用法：六类容易出错的同位语问题

　　当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如：

　　Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。

　　Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。

　　Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。

　　Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁?

　　We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。

　　以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。

　　一、代词we, us, you等后接同位语

　　Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?

　　They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。

　　She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。

　　He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。

　　We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。

　　【温馨提示】若能在书面表达中巧妙地用上一两处这样的同位语，也可以算为你的作文增加了一个小亮点。

　　二、不定式用作同位语

　　Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)

　　He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along与the instruction同位)

　　【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。

　　三、-ing分词用作同位语

　　Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)

　　She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)

　　The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)

　　【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。

　　四、形容词用作同位语

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。

　　He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。

　　People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。

　　【温馨提示】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　五、none of us之类的结构用作同位语

　　We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。

　　We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。

　　They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。

　　Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

　　【温馨提示】注意，同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的数，如：

　　学生每人都有一本词典。

　　正：The students each have a dictionary.

　　误：The students each has a dictionary.

　　请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：

　　正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

　　六、从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)

　　They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

　　I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

　　The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

　　The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。

　　【温馨提示】同位语从句似乎是近年来高考英语的一个新热点，希望同学们引起注意。下面请看几道真题(答案分别为ABBC)：

　　1. There is much chance _________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (天津卷)

　　A. that B. which C. until D. if

　　2. Its thirty years since we last met.

　　But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _________ we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)

　　A. which B. that C. what D. when

　　3. Doris success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (上海卷)

　　A. which B. that C. when D. why

　　4. A warm thought suddenly came to me _________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(www.nmet168.com) (安徽卷)

　　A. if B. when C. that D. which