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两者均可用于及物动词后引导宾语从句,表示是否,常可互换。但除此(用于动词后引导宾语从句)之外,在其他情况下表示是否时,通常要用 whether 而不用 if,如用于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等,或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与 or not 连用等等。如:
Ask him whether [if] he can come. 问他能不能来。
The question is whether he can do it. 问题是他能不能做。
Answer my question whether you can help him. 回答我你是否能帮助他。
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。
注:在某些动词后(如 discuss 等) 通常只用 whether。如:
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。
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