众所周知,SAT填空是SAT1考试中对词汇量要求最高的一个部分,很多同学在准备词汇过程中容易误入狂背单词,疏于整理的困境,这样不仅耗费大量时间,而且效果甚微。在笔者看来, 其实考生应在背过一遍SAT词汇之后,开始整理归纳意群的工作,进一步把相关概念放在一起,才能达到融会贯通的境界。
例如,填空词汇里与财富有关的词汇有:
吝啬:stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty
慷慨:generous, openhanded, freehanded, magnanimous, philanthropic, benevolent, charitable, bountiful, munificent, liberal
节俭:economical, frugal, provident, thrifty, sparing, austere
奢侈:luxurious, lavish, extravagant, improvident, spendthrift, dissipated, profligate, prodigal, unstinting
富裕:affluent, opulent
贫穷:indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, /poverty
以上列举的同一意群里的词汇肯定是有细微差别的,但是一般考生不需分析出其中区别,只要对感情色彩把握住就满足考试要求。
譬如,吝啬这组意群里:
Stingy 是直接表示吝啬小气,但是书面语出现不多,更书面化的是parsimonious;而penurious来自于名词penury,原意指的是贫穷,引申意才是吝啬小气;petty一般指的是过分关注琐碎细节,虽然不直接表示吝啬,但是可以把它归为近义概念;miserly来自于名词miser吝啬鬼,所以miserly指的是吝啬鬼的,小气的;niggardly除了吝啬这个意思以外,还可以指无价值。
另外,还有一些词汇可以表示吝啬鬼:例如skinflint, scrooge等,它们在考试当中很少出现,所以可以在进一步提高时再掌握。
总而言之,考生不必去区分同一意群内的单词,但是一定要区分不同意群的单词,比如,stingy和frugal, frugal表示节俭的意思,是褒义词,而stingy明显是贬义。
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