2015GMAT写作常见问题解读

　　为迎接2015年GMAT考试，小编特整理了一批实用的应考指南，希望能够对广大考生有所帮助。本文整理了考生在GMAT写作中遇到的几个常见问题，并附以例题解析方便大家理解。

OG13的推出大大降低了写作部分的难度，保留Analysis of an Argument部分，删除Analysis of an Issue，因此同学们可以有更多的时间备考主体部分。当然，必要的准备是不可缺少的，本文将对新OG中的Argument部分进行简单的问答式攻略解析。

　　【几个非常常见的问题】

　　1 AA部分要求我们写一篇什么样的文章?

　　Analysis of an Argument 是分析一个论证过程，所以我们需要写出一篇评论。由于题目所给的Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我们的文章是以削弱为主要形式的评论型文章。

　　2 什么是Argument?

　　Argument译为论证过程，指的是作者为了说服他人而使用一个前提结论式结构得出自己观点的推理过程。

　　一个完整的Argument包含以下四个要素：

　　Premise前提，能直接退出结论的一个条件

　　Assumption假设，为了使论证更可信而额外设定的条件

　　Evidence论据，为了使论证更可信而引用的客观事实

　　Conclusion结论，作者最终用于说服他人而得出的观点、立场

　　一个说服力较强的，完整的argument通常包含多个Assumption+Evidence来支持P-C结构。

　　3 为什么要写Analysis?

　　从Argument结构角度来讲：我们题库中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出现错误，导致原文的结论很容易无法得出的文章。

　　所有的AA文章的基本表现形式为：原文作者无法得出结论削弱条件1+削弱条件2+削弱条件3因此作者结论无法得出，如果想得出结论，就必须考虑到可能的削弱条件。

　　明确了这些问题我们就可以很好地进行Argument的解题了。

　　【例题解析】

　　例题

　　The following appears as part of an article in the travelsection of a newspaper.

　　Overthe past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.

　　在这道题中我们看到了一篇论证文章，所以首先需要梳理的是原文逻辑结构：作者认为本国正在发生一系列变化，这些变化一定会在未来十年中促进本国餐饮业发展。

　　所以我们作为读者可以根据原文信息进行如下质疑：

　　1. 社会发生变化不一定会带来作者所预期的发展

　　2. 作者预测未来十年的变化是一定发生的，根据何在

　　3. 作者所预测的发展发生在本国，有没有其他的可能性导致餐饮业不会发展

　　【例文】

　　This article cites that as a result of the increasing personal incomes, and the rising leisure time, the growing universality of single-person households, and the increasing interest in gourmet food, the surge of the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa can be expected to continue in the coming years. However, careful scrutiny of these evidences reveals numerous potential problems and critical flaws that render its authors position untenable.

　　It is mentioned in the article that the personal incomes in the country of Spiessa has been increasing. By this factor, the speaker is attempting to inform us that citizens will spend most of their increased incomes having dinner in the restaurants.However, this belief has distorted a plain truth. Consider, for example, people in this country tend to pay more attention on education, rather than eating,and they are more likely to invest their extra money on their childrens education. Under such circumstances, it is unlikely for the restaurant industry to meet a continue surge.

　　Except for the four reasons, the author also guaranteed that the surge of increasing food industry will continue within the next years. The basis of his prediction is simple: all aspects concerned with food industry would remain during this period. But it might turn out that his expectation could be vague. The development of certain industries depends on complex issues, such as the cost of raw materials or market condition. If either of the elements tends to be worse, the food industry could suffer from the crash and would not continue the surge of unprecedented growth.

　　The article made its own view for local R industry based on interest of local residents in a travel section of magazine. This leads us to believe domestic consumption is a major portion within S R industry. But if overseas travellers spend more money on gourmet food in S, and they simply became less willing to visit S for food in the coming years, we can expect these visitors as major consumer for S. Perhaps even domestic consumption couldnt make any contribution to boosting local R industry.

　　By way of conclusion, this argument has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons to support the relationship described by the author. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should have to provide additional evidences to support that the increase in all the four areas will have direct proportional relationship with the sales of restaurants, and MAKE FURTHER STATEMENT THAT more information linking the sales and the cost of the restaurants.

　　点评：这篇文章就是简单叙述了原文作者没法达成论证目的的一个情形，因此比起Issue，Argument文章的难度会低一些，但是考生一定要理解，两篇文章的本质是一样的在文章中体现批判性思维。

　　总之，作文需要注意的最重要的一点就是批判性思维的灵活熟练应用。在此基础上进行文章架设，同学们会发现写作能够变得很轻松。所以在复习的时候，请注意批判性思维的体系是否已经熟练掌握和理解，以及是否做到了知无不言，言无不尽。我们相信，有了这一知识体系，各位在复习GMAT的道路上会感觉更加轻松。