详细分析GMAT写作中的经典题目

　　1.The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the companys managers:

　　Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profitswould increase as well.

　　题目分析

　　通过对非营利组织员工激励因素的分析，文章将员工努力工作动因归结为某种位公益服务的信念。进而，建议赢利组织向非营利组织借鉴经验。原文推理线路如下：

　　∵ not-for-profit: the belief greater motivation

　　又∵ not-for-profit = for-profit

　　 for-profit: the belief motivation and productivity more profit

　　GMAT题型：寻找错误

　　根据推理线路，可以针对三个推理过程，依次分三个层次来寻找错误：

　　非营利组织的因果推理存疑：非营利组织员工的工作动因可能来自于其他原因，而不只是某种信念。例如，非营利组织中的固定员工也是实行薪酬制的，所以，他们积极工作的众多理由中，当然包括谋生，而且，相对于赚钱盈利而言，赈灾扶贫等花钱的工作还是相对容易的。

　　非营利组织与营利组织的可比性存疑：即使该汽车制造公司将一部分利润投入公益，仍然不能回避这两种组织存在的固有差异，导致经验不可借鉴。例如，营利组织的员工多为中青年人，生活压力大，需要更多的是利益驱动，来改善生活、养育后代;非营利组织的员工中的志愿者多为老年人或者学生，生活压力较小，需要的是发挥余热或者学习经验。

　　营利组织的对未来草率预期存疑：即使投资公益能够带来员工工作更加积极主动的结果，进一步认为这样就能提高整体利润水平是没有根据的。因为利润等于收入减成本，而这两个变量从原文中无从得知，所以，有可能因为政府税率的提高，而使得利润降低或持平。