GMAT写作的三个步骤：原因、结果、论证

　　下面GMAT思为大家整理了GMAT写作的三个步骤：原因、结果、论证，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。

　　在gmat备考之中，大家都会遇到gmat写作中的一些问题，经过网友的分析总结，下面就来看看AA中的七宗罪可以按照论证的原因、结果、论证过程三部分，归为三个类别：因、果、证，接着就来看看具体情况。

　　1、因

　　就是原因上的问题，有以下三个：

　　可疑调查

　　样本不足

　　结论无据

　　2、果

　　就是结论上的问题，有以下两个：

　　无因果联系

　　二者择一

　　3、证

　　就是论证过程上的问题，有以下两个，纵向横向各一个：

　　错误类比

　　时地全等

　　这样，只要记住了三字诀：因、果、证，就很容易记牢全部七宗罪了。

　　顺便分析一下本月JJ的一篇AA：

　　Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our

　　grocery store. Clearly, the customers main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop

　　shopping. // 无因果联系，可能另有他因。 The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple

　　of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair

　　shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant

　　and a garden shop, in subsequent years. // 时地全等 Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores. // 结论无据

　　附：七宗罪

　　第一宗罪：无因果联系

　　The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.

　　第二宗罪 样本不足 Insufficient-sample

　　The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion , unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

　　第三宗罪: 错误类比 横向

　　The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....

　　第四宗罪 时地全等 all things are equal纵向

　　The author commits the fallacy of all things are equal. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....

　　第五宗罪 二者择一 Either-Or choice

　　The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.

　　第六宗罪 可疑调查 survey is doubtful

　　The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

　　第七宗罪 结论无据 gratuitous assumption

　　The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.

　　通过上面对gmat备考中的写作经验介绍，相信对于很多还在备考gmat作文的人可以根据上述的方法来记忆AA中的七宗罪了。

　　以上就是GMAT写作的三个步骤：原因、结果、论证的详细内容，考生可针对文中介绍的方法进行有针对性的备考。更多资讯、资料尽在GMAT。最后，GMAT预祝大家在GMAT考试中取得好成绩！