77. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
In order to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills, our municipality should build a plant for burning trash. An incinerator could offer economic as well as ecological advantages over the typical old-fashioned type of landfill: incinerators can be adapted to generate moderate amounts of electricity, and ash residue from some types of trash can be used to condition garden soil.
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
This newspaper editorial concludes that our city should build a plant for burning trash in order to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills. The author adds that an incinerator could offer economic benefits as well, since incinerators can be adapted to generate small amounts of electricity for other uses, and since ash residue from some kinds of trash can be used as a soil conditioner. Even if these claims are true, the authors argument is unconvincing in three important respects.
To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash. It is possible, for example, that respiratory problems resulting from the air pollution caused by burning trash might be so extensive that they would outweigh the health risks associated with landfills. If so, the authors conclusion that switching to incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.
Secondly, the author assumes that discontinuing landfill operations would abate the heath threats they now pose. However, this is not necessarily the case. It is possible that irreversible environmental damage to subterranean water supplies, for example, has already occurred. In this event, changing from landfills to incinerators might not avoid or abate serious public health problems.
Thirdly, the authors implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported. Only two small economic benefits of incineration are mentioned, while the costs associated with either burning trash or switching refuse disposal systems are ignored. In all likelihood, such costs would be significant, and may very well outweigh the economic benefits.
In conclusion, the authors argument provides inadequate justification for switching from one disposal system to the other. As it stands, the argument takes into account only a limited number of benefits from the change, while addressing none of its costs. To better evaluate the argument, we must first examine all the health risks posed by each refuse disposal system and conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis of each system, taking account of the cost of the new system, the cost of the changeover itself, and the expected costs to the community of health problems resulting from each system.
雅思口语考试切记不能把“Sorry”挂嘴边
雅思口试中会遇到的问题及其应对策略
令人瞠目结舌的北美生活地道口语
11月雅思口语考题选编&思路推荐
口语进阶全过程 掌握有效的自我练习方法
让你得到雅思口语考官青睐的6招
雅思口语新思路:Animal阅读与Animal口语
口语:词汇量有限,如何才能考7分
学好英语口语需要养成的10大习惯
雅思口语备考中常见的两大误区
雅思口语每年换三次题库 更新三至四成旧题
雅思口语:如何扩展考试中的Part 2
如何克服雅思口语中的畏惧心理
浅谈雅思口语考试的评分标准
初学者练习英语口语的一点建议
雅思口语素材:泰戈尔诗篇集
三大锦囊突破雅思口语6
雅思口语范文:hotel
雅思口语:偏难话题解析及备考思路
4月雅思口语考试最新命题趋势
雅思口语素材:名人名言20句
蔡琳:雅思口语杀手级别话题:law
雅思(IELTS考试口语部分权威试题库
美国电影最常用的30句话!
雅思口语素材:好句推荐-运气眷顾勇敢的人
雅思口语备考不可盲目背诵模板
雅思口语常见句型200个
雅思口语答题的五个关键点
雅思口语万能模板:It depends...
雅思口语考试需要掌握适当的词汇量
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |