GMAT考试写作指导：Issue写作范文二五

　　25. Is the most effective management approach to hire the best people, then to give

　　them as much autonomy as possible to serve the firms goals? This strategy would

　　certainly enhance an employees sense of involvement, purpose and personal worth. It

　　would also benefit the firm by encouraging employees to work creatively and

　　productively. But the strategy requires two constraints to operative effectively.

　　First, the strategy must be constrained .by strong leadership that provides clear

　　vision and direction. Simply putting the most capable people together, and letting them

　　loose on projects will provide neither. Thinking so involves the mistaken assumption

　　that just because the parts of a whole are good, the collection of the parts into a whole

　　will be equally good. Business organizations are more than just the sums of their

　　excellent parts; to be similarly excellent, the organization must also be unified and

　　cohesive. And it is strong and visionary leadership that provides these two ingredients.

　　Second, the strategy must be constrained by an organizational structure that brings

　　all individual efforts together as a coherent whole. Of course, structure can be crippling

　　heavily layered, overly bureaucratic organizations probably stifle more creative

　　productivity than they inspire. Still, individuals will be capable at some things and not

　　others, so some organization of efforts is always called for. The moderate―and perhaps

　　optimal―approach would be to create a structure that gives individuals some authority

　　across areas relating to their field of expertise, while reserving final authority for higher-

　　level managers. For example, no individual in a finance department should have much

　　authority over a design department. However, within the design department, individual

　　researchers, artists, drafters, and engineers can all contribute meaningfully to one

　　anothers projects, and a flexible organizational structure would allow them to do so.

　　In sum, the advice to hire the best people and give them wide authority requires

　　modification. Hiring capable people and granting them some concurrent authority

　　across areas related to their expertise is better advice. Moreover, solid leadership and a

　　cohesive organizational structure are prerequisites―both are needed to coordinate

　　individual efforts toward the accomplishment of common goals.