在GRE和GMAT写作的满分评分标准中,无论是ISSUE还是ARGUMENT,都会对写作的用词提出要求。如在ISSUE 中提到:Uses language fluently, with varied sentence structure and effective vocabulary.即语言流利,使用多变的句型和有效、令人印象深刻的词汇。ARGUMENT中提到:Demonstrates control of language, including diction and syntactic variety,即展示对语言的掌控,包括用词和用句的多样性。通过这两条,不难看出,阅卷人在词这块的要求其实很简单effective和variety。而在写作中,恰到好处地使用小词就可以帮助你的文章达到上述两个要求。
首先要说明一点,所谓小词并非俚语。由于评分标准明确要求使用standard written English,因此非正式的俚语、俗语、外来语都不被建议在写作中使用。小词smart word,指的是一些看似稀松平常普普通通的单词的精妙用法。主要包括以下几种情况:
一.具体抽象:
所谓具体到抽象指的是把一个单词的具体含义进行引申从而用在某些抽象的场合。下面我们来看几个例子。
1.Bask. Bask这个单词表示晒太阳,由此可以引申出沉浸,沐浴在。如bask in the glory of world cup 或者bask in jubilance.
2.Brew. Brew这个单词也很熟悉,表示酿酒,一引申就可以变成酝酿这个抽象含义。如每逢战争即将打响,我们可以说Storms are brewing on every frontier.
3. Swallow. Swallow表示吞咽东西,也就是不加咀嚼地吃东西,因此当我们在描述一个人不加思考就轻易相信别人时,就可以使用这个单词。如Surely, I know better than to swallow his words.有时也可以表示取消,如He had to swallow his words。
4.Gnaw. Gnaw指的是小动物,如啮齿类动物,咬,啃。稍加引申就变成了使烦恼、折磨。如The feeling of guilt gnawed at my conscience day and night.
5. Wean. Wean原义指新生儿断奶,引申为使断绝、使戒掉、使放弃。如These plants have succeed in weaning from the green house environment.
二.名词动词
不同词性之间的转换也是小词活用的一个思路,这里我们讲讲相对较为普遍也容易掌握的名词到动词的活用。
1.Bridge. Bridge,桥梁。桥梁的作用很显然是连接,因此它做动词就可以表示连接、消除。如bridge chasm, silence, difference, generation gap
2.Budget. Budget名词表示预算,动词为合理安排。如She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.
3.Toy. Toy是玩具的意思,由这个名词演变出的动词可以表示漫不经心地考虑、摆弄。如She toyed with a pencil, brooding on something like a hen.
4.Bracket. Brackets 复数形式表示括号。动词bracket指把某和某归入一类,相提并论,Jones and Smith were bracketed in a tie for the first prize.
三.由人到物
所谓由人到物是指这个单词原本形容人,而在某些场合中可以采用拟物的手法,形容物体或事件。
1.Flatter. Flatter指谄媚、奉承。拟物后可以表示比真人好看。如You are surely flattered by this dress.
2.Flirt. Flirt最熟悉的意思是调情,而事实上,它还可以表示不当真的对待、玩笑地对待。如Flirt with the idea of resigning
3. Conspire. conspire形容人同谋、密谋,也可以形容事物联合发生共同导致。如Wretched weather, nasty food and disgusting companions conspired to reduce my picnic to be a wet blanket.
4.Coax. Coax指人用好话劝、哄诱,指物的时候作耐心地处理、小心摆弄的意思。如Pianists have their own difficulties on the piano hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion.
一周热词榜(9.23-29)
谢耳朵最爱的中餐原来是它!歪果仁眼中那些中餐的真相……
国内英语资讯:Chinas National Day holiday starts with rising tourism revenue
国际英语资讯:Moscow warns of retaliation if U.S. continues pressure on Russian media
体坛英语资讯:Chinas Zhang Shuai advance to face Radwanska in China Open
体坛英语资讯:Bali island to host international cycling race
国内英语资讯:Chartered flights bring home nearly 400 Chinese stranded by Hurricane Maria
国际英语资讯:Interview: Trumps reshaping of Fed could end up with more dovish policy stance: U.S. econo
你旅行时感受到最大的文化冲击
国内英语资讯:China archeological team joins Kenya excavation
36岁老牌维秘天使Lima展望40岁登台!
体坛英语资讯:Dortmund remain atop the standing in German Bundesliga
不要在假期想工作,那只会适得其反
快速自测:你的身体和你的年龄配套吗?
国际英语资讯:Chinese engineers successfully install first span of Bangladeshs largest Padma bridge
体坛英语资讯:Sharapova takes revenge on Sevastova at China Open
英语美文:只要有你,我的生活就有了光
国际英语资讯:Iraqs Kurdish region forms new council to run ties with Baghdad
一个纽约妹子的英国留学感悟
体坛英语资讯:Marseille come from behind to win derby against Nice, Lyon finish another six-goal draw in L
英美文学中的浪漫CP(组图)[1]
国内英语资讯:China Focus: Partys ever-improving governance gives renewable power to economy
国际英语资讯:50,000 protesters gather in Manchester as Mays Conservatives start their conference
老外评出“史上最难懂的25本名著”,读过3本算你赢!
体坛英语资讯:Leverkusen share spoils with Schalke in German Bundesliga
国际英语资讯:Interview: Pacific Alliance tackles non-tariff trade barriers
Google推出智能外套,挥一挥衣袖就能听歌了
国际英语资讯:Bumpy road ahead for NAFTA talks, warn Mexican lawmakers
国际英语资讯:Thousands take to street in Barcelona to defend Spains unity
国内英语资讯:China leads global quantum communication development
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |