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13. The people we remember best are the ones who broke the rules.
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
I strongly agree that rule-breakers are the most memorable people. By departing from the status quo, iconoclasts call attention to themselves, some providing conspicuous mirrors for society, others serving j as our primary catalysts for progress.
In politics, for example, rule-breakers Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King secured prominent places in history by challenging the status quo through civil disobedience. Renegades such as Ghengu Khan. Stalin, and Hussein, broke all the human rights rules, thereby leaving indelible marks in f historical record. And future generations will probably remember Nixon and Kennedy more clearly than Carter or Reagan, by way of their rule-breaking activities-specifically, Nixons Watergate debacle and Kennedys extra-marital trysts.
In the arts, mavericks such as Dali, Picasso, and Warhol, who break established rules of composition, ultimately emerge as the greatest artists, while the names of artists with superior technical skills are relegated to the footnotes of art-history textbooks. Our most influential popular musicians are the flagrant rule breakers-for example, be-bop musicians such as Charlie Parker and Thelonius Monk, who broke all the harmonic rules, and folk musician-poet Bob Dylan, who broke the rules for lyrics.
In the sciences, innovation and progress can only result from challenging conventional theories, i.e., by breaking rules. Newton and Einstein, for example, both refused to blindly accept what were perceived at their time as certain rules of physics. As a result, both men redefined those rules, and both men emerged as two of the most memorable figures in the field of physics.
In conclusion, it appears that the deepest positive and negative impressions appear on either side of the same iconoclastic coin. Those who leave the most memorable imprints in history do so by challenging norms, traditions, cherished values, and the general status quo, that is, by breaking the rules.
14. Although genius is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes of thought and create new ones.
Explain what you think the above statement means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this definition of genius. In your discussion, be sure to include at least one example of someone who, in your opinion, exemplifies genius or a particular characteristic of genius.
I strongly agree that true genius is the ability to see beyond conventional modes of thinking and to suggest new and better ones. This definition property sets genius apart from lesser instances of critical acumen, inventiveness or creativity. Under this definition, a true genius must successfully challenge the assumptions underlying a current paradigm, and supplant the old paradigm with a new, better, and more fruitful one.
This two-pronged standard for true genius is aptly illustrated by examining the scientific contribution of the century astronomer Copernicus. Prior to Copernicus, our view of the universe was governed by the Ptolemaic paradigm of a geocentric universe, according to which our earth was in a fixed position I at the center of the universe, with other heavenly bodies revolving around it. Copernicus challenged | this paradigm and its key assumptions by introducing a distinction between real motion and motion that s merely apparent. In doing so, he satisfied the first requirement of a true genius.
|ad Copernicus managed to show only that the old view and its assumptions were problematic, we would not consider him a genius today. Copernicus went on, however, to develop a new paradigm; he claimed that the earth is rotating while hurtling rapidly through space, and that other heavenly bodies only appear to revolve around the earth. Moreover, he reasoned that his view about the earths real motion could explain the apparent motion of the sun, stars and other planets around the earth. It turned out he was right; and his theories helped facilitate Galileos empirical observations, Keplers laws of planetary motion, and Newtons gravitational principle.
To sum up, I find the proposed definition of true genius incisive and accurate; and the example of Copernicus aptly points up the two required elements of true genius required by the definition.
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