The following appeared as part of an article in a popular arts and leisure magazine.
The safety codes governing the construction of public buildings are becoming far too strict. The surest way for architects and builders to prove that they have met the minimum requirements established by these codes is to construct buildings by using the same materials and methods that are currently allowed. But doing so means that there will be very little significant technological innovation within the industry, and hence little evolution of architectural styles and designmerely because of the strictness of these safety codes.
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
The conclusion of this argument is that technological innovation as well as the evolution of architectural styles and design will be minimized in the future. The authors line of reasoning is that the imposition of strict safety codes on public buildings inhibits the evolution of architectural styles and design, because they discourage technological innovation within the building industry. Furthermore, the strictness of the codes governing public buildings discourages technological innovation because the surest way for architects and builders to pass the codes is to construct buildings that use the same materials and methods that are currently allowed. This argument is unconvincing for two reasons.
In the first place, the authors conclusion goes beyond the evidence presented. The evidence cited pertains only to the construction of public buildings, yet the author draws a conclusion about the building industry as a whole. Technological innovation and architectural experimentation in style and design in the construction of private buildings is not precluded by the reasons cited. Consequently, in the absence of evidence that similar problems beset the construction of privately owned buildings, the authors conclusion is not warranted.
In the second place, it is not evident that the strict safety codes governing public buildings will have the effects predicted by the author. Architectural styles and design are not dictated solely by the materials or the methods employed in construction. Consequently, it is premature to conclude that little evolution in style and design will occur because the materials and methods will likely remain the same. Moreover, technological innovation is not restricted to the use of new materials and methods. Significant technological innovation can be achieved by applying existing methods to new situations and by finding new uses for familiar materials.
In conclusion, the author has failed to make the case for the claim that technological innovation as well as the evolution of architectural styles and design will be minimized in the future. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that similar safety code restrictions impede the evolution of the design and the innovation of new technologies in the construction of private buildings. Additionally, the author must show that materials and methods are the prime determinants of architectural style and design.
2011年实用口语练习:别想宰我,我识货
英文结婚短信祝福语
2011年实用口语练习:口语当中的ball
2011年实用口语练习:各种哭的说法(一)
2011年实用口语练习:有钱人 称心如意
2011年实用口语练习:In the bookstore 在书店里
英语口语-害羞
男生女生:我们可以只当朋友吗?
2011年实用口语练习:出恭的各种表达
英语口语-安慰
如何用英文表达“你活该”
2011年实用口语练习:Select courses 选课
实用口语:关于衣服的必备短语
2011年实用口语练习:劝君“上当”一回
2011年实用口语练习:“挑刺儿”
2011年实用口语练习:当猪飞起来的时候
如何用英语表达“原来啊…”
如何提高英语口语
2011年实用口语练习:生活奢华的猪
2011年实用口语练习:课余阅读
2011年实用口语练习:Join a club 社团活动
如何用英文表达“欣赏,感激”
英语口语-商业信函用语引言
2011年实用口语练习:昙花一现式的一夜成名
2011年实用口语练习:我是无辜的
2011年实用口语练习:遮人耳目
2011年实用口语练习:取钱那些事
2011年实用口语练习:各种睡不着
2011年实用口语练习:与天气有关的口语(下)
英语口语主题:交际英语热门话题47个(2--介绍)
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |