The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine on lifestyles.
Two years ago, City L was listed 14th in an annual survey that ranks cities according to the quality of life that can be enjoyed by those living in them. This information will enable people who are moving to the state in which City L is located to confidently identify one place, at least, where schools are good, housing is affordable, people are friendly, the environment is safe, and the arts flourish.
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
The author concludes that City L has good schools, affordable housing, friendly people, flourishing arts and a safe environment. To support this claim the author cites an annual survey that ranks cities according to quality of life. Two years ago City L was listed 14th in this survey. As it stands this argument is unconvincing.
First, the author fails to indicate what individual characteristics of cities were used as criteria for the ranking. To the extent that the criteria used in the survey were the same as the features listed by the author in the conclusion, the conclusion would be warranted. On the other hand, if the survey employed entirely different criteriafor example, outdoor recreational opportunities or educational achievement levels of adult residentsthen the authors conclusion would be wholly unwarranted.
Secondly, the author provides no indication of how each characteristic was weighted in the ranking. For example, City L may have far and away the most flourishing arts scene among the cities surveyed, but it may have poor schools, unfriendly people, and an unsafe environment. The extent to which the survey accurately reflects City Ls overall quality of life in this case would depend largely on the relative weight placed on the arts as a factor affecting quality of life.
Thirdly, the author fails to indicate how many cities were included in the survey. Th more cities included in the survey, the stronger the argumentand vice versa. For example, if 2,000 cities were surveyed, then City L would rank in the top one percent in terms of quality of life. On the other hand, if only 14 cities were surveyed then City L would rank last.
Finally, the authors conclusion depends on the questionable assumption that the conditions listed by the author have remained unchanged in City L since the survey was conducted two years ago. Admittedly, had ten years elapsed the argument would be even weaker. Yet two years is sufficient time for a significant change in the overall economy, the citys fiscal policies, its financial condition, or its political climate. Any of these factors can affect the quality of schools, the extent to which art is flourishing, or the cost of housing.
In conclusion, the author does not adequately support the conclusion. To strengthen the argument, the author must show that the criteria used in the survey were the same as the features listed in the conclusion and were weighted in a way that does not distort the picture in City L. To better assess the argument, we would also need more information about the cities included in the survey, as well as what changes in City L have occurred during the past two years.
各种的体力锻炼的好处
统治者与被统治者们之间的礼仪Etiquette
那健康的重要性
学校的交通运输的安全
美国的教学标准委员会完善教学的标准设定
训练信鸽Train Homing pigeons
好莱坞
那金币的保值性
男人和女人的语言的差异性
责任感accountability
生活的标准
如何能成为老板心中的好听众
贸易的增长离不开能源供应
禁忌的现象行为如何改变社会
在家交朋友噢
电脑被用于学校的教育中
20世纪50年代的美国经济的蓬勃发展时期
那电子图书馆的便捷性
信用卡的相关的话题
世界上人口的发展决定着社会格局的分配
地震的遭遇
婴儿的学习行以及所取得的回报
个体的经济单位的重要性
希望就是健康Hope is Healthy
工业的社会体系的重要性
那农作物的危害物
工作决定着一个人的生活
社会保险对于人类及整个社会的重要性
如何借助客观条件和主观条件感知别人呢
老年人的生活所引起的道德的问题
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |