7. The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles.
People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actually contribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the bodys ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices after exercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals.
Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
In this argument the author concludes that people trying to lose weight are better off consuming sugar than the artificial sweetener aspartame. To support this conclusion the author argues that aspartame can cause weight gain by triggering food cravings, whereas sugar actually enhances the bodys ability to burn fat. Neither of these reasons provides sufficient support for the conclusion.
The first reason that aspartame encourages food cravings is supported by research findings that high levels of aspartame deplete the brain chemical responsible for registering a sense of being sated , or full. But the authors generalization based on this research is unreliable. The research was based on a sample in which large amounts of aspartame were administered; however, the author applies the research findings to a target population that includes all aspartame users, many of whom would probably not consume high levels of the artificial sweetener.
The second reason that sugar enhances the bodys ability to burn fat is based on the studies in which experimental groups, whose members consumed sugar after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, showed increased rates of fat burning. The authors general claim, however, applies to all dieters who use sugar instead of aspartame, not just to those who use sugar after long periods of exercise. Once again, the authors generalization is unreliable because it is based on a sample that clearly does not represent all dieters.
To conclude, each of the studies cited by the author bases its findings on evidence that does not represent dieters in general; for this reason, neither premise of this argument is a reliable generalization. Consequently, I am not convinced that dieters are better off consuming sugar instead of aspartame.
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句还是强调句
whose, of whom与of which
关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句与其他从句的区别
the way后可接how引导的定语从句吗
who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解
确定关系代词前所用介词要“七看”
此题是考查非限制性定语从句吗
是none of them还是none of which
place后接定语(从句)的特殊性
能用what引导定语从句吗
英语紧缩定语从句用法说明
做定语从句试题的基本方法
关系代词as与which的用法区别
in which case的用法
at which point的用法
这道题是考查定语从句吗
修饰the way的定语从句
谈谈“介词+关系代词”的用法
定语从句的三个重要概念
关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句关系词的用法与选择
如何快速区别非限制性定语从句与并列句
of whom / which引导的定语从句
表示部分与整体of which/whom
关系词代词和关系副词的意义与用法
这道题中的as是关系代词
关系代词作定语的定语从句
是around which还是around where
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