The following appeared in the editorial section of a newspaper. As public concern over drug abuse has increased, authorities have become more vigilant in their efforts to prevent illegal drugs from entering the country. Many drug traffickers have consequently switched from marijuana, which is bulky, or heroin, which has a market too small to justify the risk of severe punishment, to cocaine. Thus enforcement efforts have ironically resulted in an observed increase in the illegal use of cocaine. Discuss how well reasoned.。. etc.
The conclusion in this argument is that increased vigilance by drug enforcement authorities has resulted in an increase in the illegal use of cocaine. The author reaches this conclusion on the grounds that drug traffickers have responded to increased enforcement efforts by switching from bulkier and riskier drugs to cocaine. Presumably, the authors reasoning is that the increased enforcement efforts inadvertently brought about an increase in the supply of cocaine which, in turn, brought about the observed increase in the illegal use of cocaine. This line of reasoning is problematic in two important respects.
In the first place, the author has engaged in after this, therefore because of this reasoning. The only reason offered for believing that the increased vigilance caused the increase in cocaine use is the fact that the former preceded the latter. No additional evidence linking the two events is offered in the argument, thus leaving open the possibility that the two events are not causally related but merely correlated. This in turn leaves open the possibility that factors other than the one cited are responsible for the increase in cocaine use.
In the second place, the author assumes that an increase in the supply of cocaine is sufficient to bring about an increase in its use. While this is a tempting assumption, it is a problematic one. The presumption required to substantiate this view is that drug users are not particular about which drugs they use, so that if marijuana and heroin are not available, they will switch to whatever drug is availablecocaine in this case. The assumption does not seem reasonable on its face. Marijuana, heroin, and cocaine are not alike in their effects on users; nor are they alike in the manner in which they are ingested or in their addictive properties. The view that drug users choice of drugs is simply a function of supply overlooks these important differences.
In conclusion, the author has failed to establish a causal link between increased enforcement efforts and the observed increase in illegal cocaine use. While the enforcement activities may have been a contributing factor, to show a clear causal connection the author must examine and rule out various other factors.
小编提醒:考生们可在日常生活中多读范文,多练笔,培养出好的语感和逻辑,这样才能在考试中写出优秀的作文。
2016春科普版英语六下Lesson 1《I’m not feeling well》word教案
2016春科普版英语六下Lesson 2《Did you play basketball yesterday》word教案
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 10《Does she always come before six thirty》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 7《Let’s go swimming》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 7《Let’s go swimming》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 9《I like summer》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 2《What colour are the trousers》ppt课件5
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 1《May I speak to Mary》ppt课件6
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 4《Where are you from》ppt课件4
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 4《Where are you from》ppt课件3
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 2《What colour are the trousers》ppt课件4
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 2《We mustn’t cross the street now》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 1《May I speak to Mary》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 3《They are in Class Three》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 3《They are in Class Three》ppt课件4
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 1《Whose watch is it》ppt课件4
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 2《What colour are the trousers》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 8《Do you have a ruler》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 3《They are in Class Three》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 9《I like summer》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 6《Revision》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语六下Lesson 3《Did you go boating last Sunday》word教案
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 1《May I speak to Mary》ppt课件3
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 9《Do you always have lunch at twelve》word教案
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 7《It’s seven thirty-five》word教案
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 4《Where are you from》ppt课件2
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 4《Where are you from》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 2《We mustn’t cross the street now》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语四下Lesson 5《What are these》ppt课件1
2016春科普版英语五下Lesson 1《May I speak to Mary》ppt课件7
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |