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Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.
魔法英语语法手册第一章名词三、名词的格
怎样区分would与used to
形容词大战
介词“to”的用法总结
不可忽视表示推测的“情态动词+have done”
小冠词,大作用
谈谈名词复数
Speak, Talk, Say和Tell
浅谈同位语从句
魔法英语语法手册第二章 代词二、物主代词
点击what引导的名词性从句
魔法英语语法手册第二章 第二章 代词三、指示代词
貌似动词而非动词的边缘介词
名词的主谓一致性
从take off谈起
容易混淆的形容词和副词
美国大学生常见语法错误
动词不定式做宾语补足语
小议but的用法
hope和wish的用法
who, whom, whose, that引导的先行词指人的定语从句
逗号的用法
魔法英语语法手册第一章名词四、名词的句法作用
“much too”还是“too much”
?"before"用法ABC
So that, such that
虚拟语气释疑
魔法英语语法手册第三章冠词二、定冠词the的用法
易混词语辨析
巧用with复合结构
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