GRE写作的开头、论据、论证及结尾段指导

　　一 开头 　　In the argument, the recommends that recommends that . To support this recommendation the argument point out that however This argument is logically flawed in several critical respects .

　　二. 攻击论据

　　1. 调查结果没有证据申明

　　To begin with, the argument depends on the assumption that rather than for some other reasons. Yet it is entirely possible that or some other factor. Without ruling out all other reasons why .

　　2. 提到了样本，但是数据不具有代表性

　　Firstly, the author provides no evidence that the survey is statistically reliable. Perhaps the surveys sample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of For that matter, this survey is not strong enough to establish causation between However, the other reasons of the survey which . As a result, without the evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot justifiably draw any conclusion by relying on this survey.

　　3. 猜测，但是没有证据

　　Thirdly, the argument assumes that However, the letter provides no evidence to substantiate this assumption. In fact, the letter suggests that this might be the case. By admitting that , the letter implies that 说明影响他们happy的因素还有其他的方面，不光是研究中所列举

　　三. 攻击论证过程

　　1. 时间上的错误类比

　　To begin with, may not a reliable date of that rate would be now. Perhaps the , For that matter, perhaps . In short, without ruling out other possible reasons for the memos author cannot convince me on the basis of

　　2.错误的因果关系

　　3. 两个事实错误的类比

　　Even if the argument unfairly assumes that. It is entirely possible that the own different situations. Perhaps Without accounting for such differences between the two places is unreliable.

　　4. 错误的推论

　　Even if the argument relied on the future assumption that . Yet the only evidence the argument offer to substantiate this assumption . Perhaps if so, . Or In short, without more information about were established it is impossible to assess .

　　四. 结论的攻击

　　说明结论不完美，可以有其他的方法

　　Finally, the argument fails to consider . Perhaps by, or by , In short, without weighing the suggestion against alternatives, it is unconvincing that .

　　赢利

　　Finally, even if the families support to build the new seafood restaurant, the restaurant would not necessarily be profitable as a result. Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense. Thus, it is quite possible that the restaurants costs of obtaining high-quality and healthy seafood or of new promoting restaurant might render it unprofitable despite its popularity. Without weighing revenue against expenses the arguments conclusion is premature at best.

　　同时叙述两个错误的论据

　　The memo also makes two hasty assumptions about . One such assumption is that . It is entirely possible that . Another assumption is that Common sense informs me that

　　Furthermore, the difference in the two firms overall placement time last year does not necessarily indicate that Delany would be the better choice to serve XYZs laid-off employees. These employees might have particular skills or needs that are not representative of the two firms clients in general. Besides, one years placement statistics hardly sufficient to draw any firm conclusions.

　　五. 结尾段

　　In sum, the argument seems logical, but is based on nothing more than pure speculation and perhaps wishful thinking, yet lack of some warranted investigation. To strength it, the author needs to evaluate all possible alternatives and provide detail and comprehensive evidence before jumping to the conclusion that