SONNET 3
William Shakespeare
《十四行诗》在莎士比亚的全部作品中占有非常重要的地位,诗集收有154首诗,大致认为作于1592年至1598年,1609年于伦敦首次出版。诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(Fair Lord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(Dark Lady),描写爱情。
十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严禁就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。
LOOK in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest
Now is the time that face should form another,
Whose fresh repair if now thou renewest,
Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
For where is she so fair whose uneared womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?
Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
Thou art thy mother's glass, and she in thee
Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.
But if thou live rememb'red not to be,
Die single, and thine image dies with thee.
照照镜子,告诉你看到的那张脸
现在时间已到,该把那脸另换一张;
如果现在你不重整你的焕发的容颜,
你辜负世人,使一个做母亲的失望。
哪个女人那样美,她那未开垦的子宫
会拒绝你去地耕耘?
哪个男人那样蠢,顾影自怜的把命断送,
而心甘情愿的断子绝孙?
你是母亲的镜子,她看到你
便忆起她的青春愉快的时光;
你将来皱纹满面,从你老年窗扉望出去,
同样也可罕见你黄金时代的景象。
但是你若虚度一生,只愿死后被人忘记,
那么就独身一世,你和你的踪影一同死去。
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