新GRE阅读长难句复习解析（4）

　　对于新GRE阅读来说，除了逻辑关系以外，最难的部分就是新GRE阅读长难句理解的问题了。长难句解读是新GRE阅读考试的一个考点，在美国读研中，也经常会碰到长句、难句。所以复习好GRE阅读长难句不仅对于考试，更是对于美国留学都是非常有好处的功课。下面将为大家进行GRE长难句复习解析，帮助考生们攻克这一难关。

　　10.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition, can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jewsin medieval Europe.

　　该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义即以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词解释：本句长度惊人，插入部分比较长，再加上不乏抽象词，所以较为难懂，在表示转折的后半个分钟中，长长的插入语as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice的同位语，使分句中的主谓相隔千山万水。除此之外，本句用词抽象，语义难以理解，对读者的词汇功底要求较高。考试现场如无法读懂，宜用合理化原则中的取非读法，but之前的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用，转折后的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相对无用。

　　意群训练：His thesisworks relatively wellwhen applied todiscrimination against Blacksin the United States，but his definitionof racial prejudice as racially-basednegative prejudgmentsagainst a groupgenerally accepted as a racein any given regionof ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also includinghostility towardsuch ethnic groupsas the Chinese in California and the Jewsin medieval Europe.

　　11. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.

　　类似于这些已经被在神经细胞中证明的在大小、形状、化学过程、产生的速度、兴奋阈值及其类似的方面上所发生变化，当他们被用来与大脑的体验以可能的方式联系起来的时候，他们在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　解释：即使是初练难免的人其实也很熟悉such thing as something这样的语言方式，可是当中间的小东西thing居然变成了一个长达十二个单词的大东西的时候，实在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底为哪方神圣。再加上以such as 为中心的长主语距离系动词remain太远，更增加了本句的难度。请读者反复阅读，直到读出这样的感觉：顺序阅读原文时，原文似乎就是几大块，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.

　　意群训练：Such variationsin size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the likeas had beendemonstrated in nerve cellsremained negligiblein significancefor any possible correlation withthe manifold dimensionsof mental experience.

　　12.It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

　　有可能通过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的细微的结构差异;可是，这样的证据是缺乏的，即神经冲动的性质或者状态是受这些差异所影响的，而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育模式。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装

　　解释：与很多人的印象相反，lack从来就不能作形容词，它只有动词或名词的词性。其形容词的形式是lacking，意思是缺乏的、不足的。

　　本句的在however 之前和之后的两个分句，是两个倒装结构，前一个是小倒装，正常语序是：to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods: however后面是个大倒装，lacking之后的that引导的同位语人名是修饰主语proof的，但是因为它太长，所以为了避免头重脚轻，被放到lacking之后，正常的语序应该是proof that the quality of ..was lacking。

　　意群训练：It was possibleto demonstrateby other methodsrefined structural differencesamong neuron types; however, proof was lackingthat the quality of the impulse or its conditionwas influenced bythese differences, which seemed instead to influencethe developmental patterningof the neural circuits.