GRE阅读练习每日一篇(三)

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读的方法相信大家已经积累了很多了，本文就为大家提供一些GRE阅读的材料，大家来练一练，把平时学到的东西运用到实际中，也多多积累词汇和句子，提高自己的阅读能力。

　　每天做一些标准的GRE阅读练习，有助于大家在GRE考试的复习过程中不断地进行练习和总结。希望大家在进行GRE阅读练习时，充分运用平时所积累的知识，这样才能有效果。

　　Even as the number of females processed through juvenile courts climbs steadily, an implicit consensus remains among scholars in criminal justice that male adolescents define the delinquency problem in the United States. We suggest two reasons why this view persists. First, female adolescents are accused primarily of victimless crimes, such as truancy, that do not involve clear-cut damage to persons or property. If committed by adults, these actions are not even considered prosecutable; if committed by juvenile males, they have traditionally been looked on leniently by the courts. Thus, ironically, the plight of female delinquents receives little scrutiny because they are accused of committing relatively minor offenses. Second, the courts have long justified so-called preventive intervention into the lives of young females viewed as antisocial with the rationale that women are especially vulnerable. Traditional stereotypes of women as the weaker and more dependent sex have led to earlier intervention and longer periods of misdirected supervision for female delinquents than for males.

　　17. Which of the following statements best expresses the irony pointed out by the authors in lines 13-16 of the passage?

　　Female delinquents tend to commit victimless crimes more frequently than their male counterparts.

　　The predicament of male delinquents receives more attention than that of females because males are accused of more serious crimes.

　　Adults are frequently punished less severely than adolescents for committing more serious crimes.

　　The juvenile justice system cannot correct its biases because it does not even recognize them.

　　Although the number of female delinquents is steadily increasing, the crimes of which they are accused are not particularly serious.

　　18. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors believe traditional stereotypes of women to be

　　frequently challenged

　　persistently inexplicable

　　potentially harmful

　　rapidly changing

　　habitually disregarded

　　19. The passage suggests that scholars in criminal justice could be criticized for which of the following?

　　Underestimating the seriousness of juvenile crime

　　Rationalizing the distinction made between juveniles and adults in the legal system

　　Concerning themselves too little with the prevention of juvenile delinquency

　　Focusing on those whose crimes have involved damage to persons or property

　　Failing to point out injustices in the correctional system

　　Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots . Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.

　　In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.

　　That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.

　　Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.

　　20. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes

　　describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents

　　explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes

　　describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates

　　describe the formation and orientation of island chains in the Pacific Ocean

　　21. According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots

　　can only be found near islands

　　are active whereas all other volcanoes are extinct

　　are situated closer to the earth s surface

　　can be found along the edges of the plates

　　have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas

　　22. It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for the apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the

　　contours of the continents

　　dimensions of ocean hot spots

　　concurrent movement of two hot spots

　　pattern of fissures in the ocean floor

　　configurations of several mid-ocean island chains

　　23. It can be inferred from the passage that the spreading out of lavas of different ages at hot spots indicates that a

　　hot spot is active

　　continental plate has moved

　　continental rupture is imminent

　　hot spot had been moving very rapidly

　　volcano contains large concentrations of alkali metals

　　24. The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge, and the Tuamotu Ridge?

　　The three chains of islands are moving eastward.

　　All the islands in the three chains have stopped moving.

　　The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.

　　The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.

　　The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary.

　　25. Which of the following, if true, would best support the author s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?

　　Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.

　　Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.

　　Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.

　　The alignment of hot spots in the Pacific Ocean parallels the alignment of Pacific Ocean islands.

　　The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.

　　26. The author s argument that hot spots can be used to reconstruct the movement of continental plates is weakened by the fact that

　　hot spots are never found at the boundaries of plates

　　only extinct volcanoes remain after a plate moves over a hot spot

　　lava flow patterns for all hot spots have not been shown to be the same

　　the immobility or near immobility of hot spots has not been conclusively proven

　　the changing configurations of islands make pinpointing the locations of hot spots difficult

　　27. The author s style can best be described as

　　dramatic

　　archaic

　　esoteric

　　objective

　　humanistic

　　答案：17-27：BCDDEEBCEDD