GRE阅读：长句、难句重磅解析（11）

　　1. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing　steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the　closing of the internal frontierthat is,the depletion of available new land　needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

　　史学家弗雷德里克.杰.特纳于十九世纪九十年代著述道，美国约自18世纪70年代以来一直在持续不断发展的农民不满，由于国内边远地区的封闭而更趋加剧亦即是说，美国农业系统进一步扩展所必需的可资利用的新土地几近耗竭。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　解释：典型的句子套句子。主句是F.J.T. wrote that，宾语从句中主干是the agrarian discontent had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier,在从句的主语the agrarian discontent后面又来了一个定语从句。

　　意群训练：The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing　steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the　closing of the internal frontierthat is,the depletion of available new land　needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

　　2. In the early 1950s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe began, for the first time in large numbers,to　investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political　and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　译文：二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲的史学家，首次以众多的人数，开始调查前工业化时代欧洲人口中的大多数，而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口，即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方上的达官显贵，而正是这部分人一直到那时为止普遍充斥于史学著作。

　　解释：句子中有两个插入语，一个是跟在preindustrial Europe之后的which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800,这个插入语的直接作用是解释前面的preindustrial Europe的年代，而起到的客观作用则是把主句中的主语和谓语分割得很远;第二个插入语是在began,for the first time in large numbers, to investingate中间，把一个好好的began to斩为两段。

　　这句话另外一个难以理解的地方是more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent,表示的是在工业化以前的欧洲人口中超过了那2%到3%的人，亦即占97%到98%的人民群众。

　　意群训练：In the early 1950s,historians who studied preindustrial Europe began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.