先大概说一下结构化阅读问题。所谓的结构化阅读的过程就像是对图书馆书架上的书归类整理的过程。鉴于GRE文章的来源和人造性,GRE结构都是有规律可循的。做题的时候去盒子里的绞一堆首饰里找一个耳钉容易还是在耳钉分类的暗格里找容易呢,你有可能对每一件首饰都清清楚楚,就像你认识每一个单词理解每一个句子一样,但是短暂的时间里有效的找出来就是另外一回事了。
这里我将逻辑等价词定义的很狭义,简单的说就是阅读中相呼应的词,如同义,反义,逻辑包含,逻辑同类,逻辑反类等等。前两者很好理解,后三者则需要结合文章具体内容来说明。
词语是怎么和结构扯上关系的呢,各位看官,下面从这篇文章来看我们应该如何通过逻辑等价词去看这篇文章的行文结构。许多做绿皮的同学对该篇文章很头疼,因为课上讲过的GRE的文章套路似乎并不适用这么一篇。其实不然,该篇文章仍然是以总分结构展开的,何以见得呢。请看黑体和斜体标注的词。
Great comic art is never otherworldly, it does not seek to mystify us, and it does not deny ambiguity by branding as evil whatever differs from good. /Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature. /The moment of transcendence in great comic art is a social moment, born out of the conviction that we are human, even though we try to be gods. /The comic community to which artists address themselves is a community of reasoning, loving, joyful, compassionate beings, who are willing to assume the human risks of acting rationally. /Without invoking gods or demons, great comic art arouses courage in reason, courage which grows out of trust in what human beings can do as humans.
读过这篇文章后同学们应该看的出来,找语言现象里的but诸如此类的逻辑关系提示词是没有用的,所以就需要通过黑体字来看文章关系。
这些黑体字就是我所谓的逻辑等价词,我把它们分为两类有关感性,和有关理性:
第一类Otherworldly, extrasocial, divine, cosmic, nature, transcendence, gods, demons 感性
第二类Social, human, reasoning, rationally, reason, human, humans 理性
大家应该已经看到了这里面的同义词,比如otherworld和extrasocial; divine, cosmic和nature;反义词如social和extrasocial等等,而extrasocial和divine, cosmic, nature 就是我所谓的逻辑包含,divine, cosmic, nature则是逻辑同类,而gods,demons和human则是逻辑反类。总之,这些词都有内在的逻辑关系,这有什么用处呢?
该篇阅读对第一类词都是否定的,比如说never otherworldly,而对第二类词都是肯定的,比如Great comic art arouses courage in reason. 这说明了作者对great comic art的一个态度:伟大的漫画艺术是有普世价值的(即是理性的)。
这是逻辑等价词对结构的作用一,看清那些句子肯定的,那些是否定说明的。
另外,看斜体部分的词,分别是:
Great comic art; great comic artists; the moment of transcendence in great comic art; the comic community; the courage
这5个斜体词实际上就是5句话的研究对象。总分结构就出现了:
从漫画艺术家方面来讲
从漫画升华时刻反面来讲
伟大漫画艺术 从漫画团体方面来讲 是有普世价值的
从理性勇气来讲
这样的信息点是很难记的,但是只要用火眼金睛看到几个关键词,相信客观题也就不难做了。逻辑等价词的重要性不仅仅体现在这一篇文章里,希望大家举一反三,将技巧熟练应用。
对GRE verbal部分漫长的准备过程,最后一个160+的分数肯定不是你能得到的最划算的结果,你的英文水平包括知识储备都应该上一个新台阶。为此,韦氏的几本字典都是我相当推荐的,如果说要练就地道的写作,你要天天抱着牛津搭配字典的话,那么要精通GRE阅读的话,你恐怕要好好记背一下绿色的vocabulary builder和 黄色的synonyms and antonyms。背同义词反义词对新GRE的好处是潜移默化的,你可以迅速spot词与词之间的关系来帮助你看清文章结构,进一步读懂文章。
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