GRE阅读综合辅导:63题网络课堂总结(十五)

　　主题段落Since the early 1970s, historians have begun to devote serious2Aattention to the working class in the United States. Yet while we now have studies of working-class communities and culture, we know remarkably little of worklessness. When historians have paid any attention at all to unemployment, they have focused on the 经济大萧条 of the 1930s. The narrownessof this perspective ignores the 无所不在，弥漫 recessions and joblessness of the previous decades, as Alexander Keyssar shows in his recent book. Examining the period 1870-1920, Keyssar concentrates on Massachusetts, where8D the historical3D materials are particularly rich, and the findings applicable to other industrial areas3D.

　　K的成果之一：失业的严重程度The unemployment rates that Keyssar calculates appear to be relatively modest, at least by Great Depression5 standards: during the worst years, in the 1870s and 1890s4A, unemployment was around 15 percent. Yet Keyssar rightly understands that a better way4B to measure the impact of unemployment is to calculate unemployment frequencies―measuring the percentage of workers who experience any unemployment in the course of a year. Given this perspective, joblessness 隐约呈现 much .

　　Keyssar also另一个研究成果：影响事业的因素 scrutinizes unemployment patterns according to skill level, ethnicity, race, age, class, and gender. He finds that rates of joblessness differed primarily according to 因素一class6: those in middle-class and white-collar occupations were far less likely to be unemployed. Yet the impact of unemployment on a specific class was not always the same. Even when dependent on the same 行业, 因素二6相邻地区 could have dramatically different unemployment rates. Keyssar uses these differential rates to help explain a phenomenon that has puzzled historians―the startlingly high rate of geographical mobility in the nineteenth-century United States. But mobility was not the dominant working-class strategy for coping with unemployment, nor was assistance from private charities or state agencies. 自己雇用自己 and the help of kin got most workers through jobless 一段时间.

　　总结和评价While Keyssar might have spent more time developing the implications of his findings on joblessness for contemporary public policy, his study, in its thorough research and creative use of quantitative and qualitative evidence, is a model of historical analysis.

　　1. The passage is primarily concerned with主题题

　　 recommending a new course of investigation

　　 summarizing and assessing a study评述某人理论

　　 making distinctions among categories

　　 criticizing the current state of a field

　　 comparing and contrasting two methods for calculating data

　　2. The passage suggests that before the early 1970s, which of the following was true of the study by historians of the working class in the United States?取非题

　　 The study was infrequent or superficial2A, or both.不太多研究工人阶级

　　 The study was repeatedly criticized for its allegedly narrow focus.

　　 The study relied more on qualitative than quantitative evidence.

　　 The study focused more on the working-class community than on working-class culture.

　　 The study ignored working-class joblessness during the Great Depression.

　　3. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Keyssars findings concerning unemployment in Massachusetts?信息题

　　 They tend to contradict earlier findings about such unemployment.

　　 They are possible because Massachusetts has the most没提到过 easily accessible historical records.

　　 They are the first to mention the existence of high rates of geographical mobility in the nineteenth century.

　　 They are relevant to a historical3D understanding of the nature of unemployment in other states3D.

　　 They have caused historians to reconsider the role of the working class during the Great Depression.