GRE阅读考试难句解读（3）

　　1.The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself comeinto being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that thatcommunity perceives as essential.

　　一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成产生，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。

　　2.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to asthey are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss ofpollen through happen stance by virtue of producing an amount of pollenthat is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.

　　由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　3.For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs ofconifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cones surfaces，there by passing airbornepollen from one scale to the next.

　　例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

　　4.It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separationof secretarial work，previously seen as an apprenticeship forbeginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880s createda new class of dead-end jobs，thenceforth considered womens work.

　　十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类没前途的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而是由于秘书工作在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类没前途的职业便被视作是女人的工作。

　　5.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outsidethe home in the twentieth century had less to do with themechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for thesewomen than it did with their own economic necessity and with highmarriage rates that shrank the available pool of single womenworkers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.

　　二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一-一类妇女。

　　6.In order to understand the nature of the ecologistsinvestigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growthparameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolateandinterpret，one that tends to make the population increase fromrelatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while thedensity-independent effects act to produce noise in the populationdynamics.

　　为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的信号，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，或从相对较高的数值递减;而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的噪音。