gre阅读练习每日一篇(六)

　　掌握了gre阅读里的长难句，到了实战演习的时候了。gre阅读练习每日一篇帮助gre考生循序渐进地进行练习和总结。希望gre考生在进行gre阅读练习时，也按着考试时候的时间规定自己的练习，这样才能有效果。

　　My objective is to analyze certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law, or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.

　　It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strengthens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.

　　Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more peripheral effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analyzing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent forms of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, inert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in turn to arrest their movement. One needs to be nominalistc, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.

　　17. The authors primary purpose in defining power is to

　　 counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term

　　 establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different ways

　　 increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples

　　 demonstrate how the meaning of the term has evolved

　　 avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term

　　18. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power?

　　 Law is the protector of power.

　　 Law is the source of power.

　　 Law sets bounds to power.

　　 Law is a product of power.

　　 Law is a stabilizer of power.

　　19. Which of the following methods is NOT used extensively by the author in describing his own conception of power?

　　 Restatement of central ideas

　　 Provision of concrete examples

　　 Analysis and classification

　　 Comparison and contrast

　　 Statement of cause and effect

　　20. With which of the following statement would the author be most likely to agree?

　　 Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.

　　 The highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing it.

　　 To love knowledge is to love power.

　　 It is from the people and their deeds that power springs.

　　 The health of the people as a state is the foundation on which all their power depends.

　　21. The authors attitude toward the various kinds of compulsion employed by social institutions is best described as

　　 concerned and sympathetic

　　 scientific and detached

　　 suspicious and cautious

　　 reproachful and disturbed

　　 meditative and wistful

　　22. According to the passage, states of power are transient because of the

　　 differing natures and directions of the forces that create them

　　 rigid structural framework in which they operate

　　 unique source from which they emanate

　　 pervasive nature and complexity of the mechanisms by which they operate

　　 concatenation that seeks to arrest their movement

　　23. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes the conflict among social forces to be

　　 essentially the same from one society to another even though its outward manifestation may seem different

　　 usually the result of misunderstandings that impede social progress

　　 an inevitable feature of the social order of any state

　　 wrongly blamed for disrupting the stability of society

　　 best moderated in states that possess a strong central government

　　The hypothesis of an expanding Earth has never attracted notable support, and if it were not for the historical example of continental drift, such indifference might be a legitimate response to an apparently improbable concept. It should be remembered, however, that drift too was once regarded as illusory, but the idea was kept alive until evidence from physicists compelled geologists to reinterpret their data.

　　Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to reenact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted. The cases are not precisely analogous. There were serious problems with the pre-drift world view that a drift theory could help to resolve, whereas Earth expansion appears to offer no comparable advantages. If, however, physicists could show that the Earths gravitational force has decreased with time, expansion would have to be reconsidered and accommodated.

　　24. The passage indicates that one reason why the expansion hypothesis has attracted little support is that it will not

　　 overcome deficiencies in current geologic hypotheses

　　 clarify theories concerning the Earths gravitational forces

　　 complement the theory of continental drift

　　 accommodate relevant theories from the field of physics

　　 withstand criticism from scientists outside the field of geology

　　25. The final acceptance of a drift theory could best be used to support the argument that

　　 physicists are reluctant to communicate with other scientists

　　 improbable hypotheses usually turn out to be valid

　　 there should be cooperation between different fields of science

　　 there is a need for governmental control of scientific research

　　 scientific theories are often proved by accident

　　26. In developing his argument, the author warns against

　　 relying on incomplete measurements

　　 introducing irrelevant information

　　 rejecting corroborative evidence

　　 accepting uninformed opinions

　　 making unwarranted comparisons

　　27. It can be deduced from the passage that the gravitational force at a point on the Earths surface is

　　 representative of the geologic age of the Earth

　　 analogous to the movement of land masses

　　 similar to optical phenomena such as mirages

　　 proportional to the size of the Earth

　　 dependent on the speed of the Earths rotation

　　答案：17-27：EDBDBACACED