gre考试阅读真题解析(A)

　　Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancers skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical termsas body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical lawsneither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.

　　Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored, can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions. However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.

　　17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　 initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study

　　 describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field

　　 point out the contradictions between two distinct theories

　　 define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle

　　 discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting

　　18. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:

　　 the law of conservation of angular momentum

　　 analyses of the way in which the bodys mass is distributed

　　 equations of linear motion in three dimensions

　　 analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions

　　 the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns

　　19. The author implies that dancers can become more skilled by doing which of the following?

　　 Ignoring rotational movements

　　 Understanding the forces that permit various movements

　　 Solving simple linear equations

　　 Learning the technical terms utilized by choreographers

　　 Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum

　　20. Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in lines 14-19?

　　 A long leap across space

　　 A short jump upward with a return to the same place

　　 A sustained and controlled turn in place

　　 Short, rapid steps forward and then backward without turning

　　 Quick sidesteps in a diagonal line

　　Human relations have commanded peoples attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. Intuitive knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modem word, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still know how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still know when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the whys of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.

　　Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.

　　21. According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because

　　 intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophy

　　 early scientists were more interested in the physical world

　　 scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious

　　 the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations

　　 people generally seem to be more attracted to literary than to scientific writings about human relations

　　22. The authors statement that Psychology holds a unique position among the sciences is supported by which of the following claims in the passage?

　　 The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.

　　 Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.

　　 Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advanced.

　　 Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research.

　　 Psychological facts are too imprecise to lead to great discoveries.

　　23. According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be

　　 highly biased due to unconscious factors

　　 profound even when vaguely conceived

　　 improved by specialized training

　　 irrelevant for understanding human relations

　　 more reliable than knowledge about other people

　　24. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding people who lived before the advent of scientific psychology?

　　 Their understanding of human relations was quite limited.

　　 They were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world.

　　 They misunderstood others more frequently than do people today.

　　 Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.

　　 They were more likely to hold pleasing illusions about themselves than are people today.

　　25. The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientifically have thus far been relatively

　　 unilluminating

　　 paradoxical

　　 pessimistic

　　 encouraging

　　 uninterpretable

　　26. The author refers to people who are attracted to pessimistic, debunking writings in order to support which of the following ideas?

　　 Interesting books about human relations are typically pessimistic.

　　 People tend to ignore scientific explanations of human relations.

　　 People rarely hold pleasing illusions about themselves.

　　 A scientific approach human relations would undermine the pleasing illusions people hold of themselves.

　　 It is doubtful that the science of human relations developed slowly because of a desire to maintain pleasing illusions.

　　27. It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is

　　 equally well developed among all adults within a given society

　　 considerably more accurate in some societies than in others

　　 biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktales

　　 typically unrelated to an individuals interactions with other people

　　 usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others

答案：17-27：BEBCCBBDAEE