1. 三者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性),every (每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近),each (每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。比较:
All men die. 所有的人都是要死的。
Every man dies. 每一个人都要死的。
Each man must die alone. 人都必然会一个个地死去。
2. all 和 each 既可作形容词(其后接名词),也可用作代词( 单独使用或后接 of 短语);而 every 却只能用作形容词(其后接名词),不能用作代词(即不能单独使用或后接 of 短语)。如:
正:all books / Each is good. 所有的书 / 每个都很好。
误:every of the books / Every is good.
3. each 和 every 之后通常接单数可数名词,用作主语时,其谓语动词用单数。如:
Each (man) does his own work. 各人做自己的工作。
Every student in the school passed the swimming test. 这个学校的每个学生都通过了游泳测试。
若后接两个用 and 连接的名词,其谓语依然用单数。如:
Every [Each] man and woman knows it. 每个男人和女人都知道此事。
但是,each 用于复数主语后作同位语,后面的谓语用复数。如:
The students each have a dictionary. 学生每人有一本字典。
4.each 指两者或两者以上的每个,every 指三者或三者以上每个,因此指两者时只能用 each。如:
There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。
5. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰,但 each 却不能。如:
差不多每个学生都读过这本书。
正:Almost every student has read the book.
误:Almost each student has read the book.
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