盘点2011年我们都经历了哪些食品安全问题？从今年3月份的双汇瘦肉精，到8月份的沃尔玛假绿色猪肉，再到刚发生蒙牛牛奶含超强致癌物。食品安全问题为何在中国频发？以下是2011年备受关注的一些食品安全事故及资讯报道中英对照。
蒙牛牛奶被检测出“致癌物
出事企业：蒙牛集团
曝光时间：2011年12月24日
罪魁祸首：黄曲霉素病毒
A batch of Mengniu milk was found to contain excessive levels of flavacin M1 - a substance linked to liver cancer, the country's top quality watchdog said over the weekend. The batch did not reach the market, officials said.The Inner Mongolia-based Mengniu Dairy Group yesterday apologized to consumers and said the products involved have been destroyed. Flavacin M1 is found in food mold and can cause severe liver damage, including liver cancer. In 1998, the World Health Organization listed flavacin M1 as a Class A carcinogen. 周末国家质检总局称，一批蒙牛牛奶被检测出的黄曲霉素M1含量超标，黄曲霉毒素可导致肝癌。有关负责人称，这批产品还未进入市场。总部位于内蒙古的蒙牛乳业集团昨日向消费者道歉，称所涉及产品已被销毁。黄曲霉毒素M1出现于食物霉菌中，可导致严重的肝脏损害，包括肝癌。1998年，世界卫生组织将黄曲霉毒素M1列为一级致癌物。
【讲解】文中的carcinogen 即指致癌物，flavacin指黄曲霉素，文中的mold是指霉菌、发霉的意思，除此之外，mold还有模子，模具的意思。liver 指肝脏。之前在婴儿配方奶粉（infant formula）中发现的三聚氰胺英语可说成melamine。
蒸功夫“香精包子事件
出事企业：“蒸功夫包子铺
曝光时间：2011. 9.13
罪魁祸首：肉味香精
请看《中国日报》的报道：
The use of essence in staple foods such as rice and buns is banned, according to China's food hygiene rules. Yet, the owner of a shop named Zhenggongfu in Beijing's Changping district said he adds the flavoring to meat to make it more appealing.国家食品卫生法禁止在大米、馒头等主食中添加香精，然而，北京昌平区一家打着“蒸功夫牌子的包子店店主说他在肉馅中加入香精是为了让包子味道更诱人。
这种添加了肉味香精的包子就是所谓的“香精包子，可以翻译成steamed stuffed buns with meat-flavor essence。过多食用这种“香精包子会伤及人体的肝、肾，并会损害immune system（免疫系统）。Swill-cooked dirty oil（地沟油）还未禁绝，又冒出了香精包子，实在让人担忧中国的food safety（食品安全）。调查还发现，“香精包子中所使用的unidentified additives（不明添加剂）装上的标签全为外文，装上的标签全为外文。
沃尔玛“假绿色猪肉事件
出事企业：沃尔玛公司
曝光时间：2011.8.24
罪魁祸首：普通冷鲜猪肉冒充绿色猪肉
英语报道：
Ten Wal-Mart Stores in Chongqing municipality have been shut down after the retailers were charged with fraudulently selling ordinary pork as organic pork, according to the local administration of industry and commerce on Sunday.
organic pork有机猪肉
ordinary pork普通猪肉
味千“猪骨汤精事件
出事企业：味千（中国）控股有限公司
曝光时间：2011.8
罪魁祸首：猪骨汤精
英语报道：
In a scandal that has rocked the soup-based food service industry , well-known noodle chain Ajisen Ramen has been accused of making their broths using soup concentrate and cheap flavoring powders. Known for a guarantee that all their soups come from “a broth of pork bones simmered to perfection, Ajisen has been fumbling for an explanation to deflect these allegations of soup-based fraud.
soup concentrate 高汤精
cheap flavoring powders 便宜的调料粉
“地沟油事件
曝光时间：2011.6
罪魁祸首：地沟油
Recycled oil refers to edible oil of poor qualities, such as waste oil from restaurants, oil made from animal fats and oil used repeatedly
地沟油实际上是一个泛指的概念，是人们在生活中对于各类劣质油的通称
illegal cooking oil就是指“地沟油，也称为swill-cooked dirty oil，指的是从kitchen waste（餐厨垃圾）中提炼出的油，含有大量有害毒性物质。使用illegal cooking oil已成为餐饮行业的open secret（公开的秘密）。
The "illegal cooking oil" is usually made from discarded kitchen waste that has been refined, the report said, adding that the oil, which contains a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance called "aflatoxin", can cause cancer.
“地沟油通常使用餐厨垃圾提炼而成，成分中含有的黄曲霉素毒性很强，可致癌。
“台湾塑化剂事件
出事企业：台湾昱伸香料有限公司
曝光时间：2011.5.24
罪魁祸首：邻苯二甲酸酯类物质（DEHP）
英语报道:
Taiwan island has been rocked by the scare, since industrial plasticizer was found in sports drinks.Investigators traced the chemical to an emulsifier produced by Yu Sheng Chemical, an additive company in Taiwan. It substituted palm oil with the plasticizer DEHP, which is known to cause cancer.Nearly two-hundred manufacturers have so far been found to have used the emulsifier. It's lead to nearly a million drinks being pulled from the shelves in Taiwan.
台湾一些运动饮料中发现了工业塑化剂，这使得整个台湾岛都陷入了恐慌。调查者查到这种化学剂源于台湾一家生产添加剂的公司昱伸化工生产的乳化剂。该公司用塑化剂邻苯二甲酸（2─乙基己基）酯代替棕榈油，而这种塑化剂可致癌。目前已经发现有近200家生产商使用了该乳化剂。
资讯讲解：文中的plasticizer即指塑化剂，也可以说成plasticizing agent，用塑化剂代替棕榈油（palm oil），目的是为了降低生产成本（cut production costs）。塑化剂被称为环境荷尔蒙，是一种内分泌干扰素（endocrine disruptor substances，EDS），会影响人体的荷尔蒙（hormone），专家称其毒性比三聚氰胺（melamine）还毒。
“染色馒头事件
出事企业：上海盛禄食品有限公司
曝光时间：2011.4
罪魁祸首：柠檬黄，防腐剂，甜蜜素
请看新华社的报道：
Food safety watchdog said Sunday the workshop in Wenzhou was suspected of producing thousands of steamed buns containing illegal yellow coloring every day for the past two months. Some of the tainted steamed buns were supplied to a local school.食品安全监察机构周日称，温州这一作坊涉嫌在过去两个月内每日制作数千个含有非法黄色染料的馒头。部分染色馒头还被供应到当地的一所学校。
资讯讲解：tainted steamed buns字面意思为“被污染的馒头，具体所指的就是“染色馒头，有些报道中也用dyed steamed bun来表示。染色馒头是通过回收馒头再加上artificial coloring（人工色素）而做出来的。温州警方日前已查处一个unlicensed steamed bun workshop（无证馒头作坊）。作坊往馒头里添加的黄色染料是为了将其当作corn flour buns（玉米馒头）来卖。
双汇“瘦肉精事件
出事企业：双汇集团
曝光时间：2011.3.15
罪魁祸首：盐酸克仑特罗和莱克多巴胺等7种瘦肉精
请看《中国日报》的报道：
The Ministry of Agriculture dispatched an inspection group on Tuesday to look into the illegal use of clenbuterol, which is better known as "lean meat powder" in China. The powder is added to pig feed to lower the fat content.农业部周二派出一个督察组，对国内使用盐酸克仑特罗，也就是所谓的“瘦肉精的违法行为进行调查。猪饲料中加入这种“瘦肉精能降低脂肪含量
资讯讲解：lean meat powder就是“瘦肉精。把“瘦肉精添加到pig feed（猪饲料）中，可以speed up muscle building （加速肌肉生长）和fat burning（脂肪燃烧），这样就能增加猪的瘦肉量，吃了这种饲料的猪被戏称为lean-meat pig（健美猪）。但是含有“瘦肉精的肉却会对人体产生危害，导致dizziness（头晕）、cardiopalmus（心悸），甚至诱发malignant tumor（恶性肿瘤）。
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