一、前言
阅读分为四个层次:词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读,所以遇到存在生词的句子就无从下手了。其实阅读的真正障碍并不在于生词,而在于难句,因为难句即使每个单词都认识,只要结构复杂,可能也读不懂。反之,一旦能够把握结构,就可以忽略生词,掌握大意,从而实现 无词阅读的境界。为此,本人特意为广大同学制作了这一套难句随身卡。
二、难句的构成
英语的难句=主句+从句+短语,不同于汉语的句子全是简单句,没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树,那么主句相当于树干,从句相当于树枝,而短语相当于叶子。只要把握主句,就可理解大意。相比之下,汉语的句子就好比是竹子,一节一节的。
因此,我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会拆把复杂句拆成简单句来理解。也就是说,要学会抓住树干,拆掉枝叶。
三、如何拆
任何句子都必须有谓语动词,所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。因此,理解难句的基本步骤是:1)识别出有哪几个谓语动词;2)找出主句的谓语动词,先理解主句;3)再去理解从句和短语。
四、符号说明
1.谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表示,例如:Everyone should know 。
2.从句的引导词用方框表示,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3.从句用横线表示,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located,表示where引导的从句。
4.插入语成分用括号表示,例如:Keeping your head, , may make the difference between
第二章 插入结构
本章难句列表:
1.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, , always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中主句的是hears。是插入语,而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容,再理解插入语。因此,对于插入语,我们的处理方法是:先读两端,再读中间。 with后面的rightrightand right是并列结构。
翻译:儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲,而且更重要的是,听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。
2.Work, , involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
结构:只有一个谓语动词:involves。是插入语。本句的主干为:Work involves responsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility,而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。
翻译:对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言,工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。
3.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, , would be on an island 885 miles away.
结构:共有5个谓语动词,主句谓语动词为could not help。that引导think的宾语从句。could contact属于定于从句,省略了引导词,修饰person。unless引导条件状语从句,为插入语。拆分为:
1) Still, he could not help thinking.
2) That if anything should happen.
3) The nearest person would be on away.
4) he could contact the person.
5) Unless there was a ship nearby.
翻译:他仍然忍不住想到,如果发生了什么意外,那么除非附近有条船,否则他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。
4.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, , a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
结构:只有1个谓语动词:has。its, its, its, and aor a是并列结构,作为has的宾语。是插入语。
翻译:然而,这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足,而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。
5.Our knowledge of social systems, , , is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中is not是主句的谓语动词。while引导的让步状语从句,作为插入语,分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为:
一、前言
阅读分为四个层次:词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读,所以遇到存在生词的句子就无从下手了。其实阅读的真正障碍并不在于生词,而在于难句,因为难句即使每个单词都认识,只要结构复杂,可能也读不懂。反之,一旦能够把握结构,就可以忽略生词,掌握大意,从而实现 无词阅读的境界。为此,本人特意为广大同学制作了这一套难句随身卡。
二、难句的构成
英语的难句=主句+从句+短语,不同于汉语的句子全是简单句,没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树,那么主句相当于树干,从句相当于树枝,而短语相当于叶子。只要把握主句,就可理解大意。相比之下,汉语的句子就好比是竹子,一节一节的。
因此,我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会拆把复杂句拆成简单句来理解。也就是说,要学会抓住树干,拆掉枝叶。
三、如何拆
任何句子都必须有谓语动词,所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。因此,理解难句的基本步骤是:1)识别出有哪几个谓语动词;2)找出主句的谓语动词,先理解主句;3)再去理解从句和短语。
四、符号说明
1.谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表示,例如:Everyone should know 。
2.从句的引导词用方框表示,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3.从句用横线表示,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located,表示where引导的从句。
4.插入语成分用括号表示,例如:Keeping your head, , may make the difference between
第二章 插入结构
本章难句列表:
1.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, , always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中主句的是hears。是插入语,而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容,再理解插入语。因此,对于插入语,我们的处理方法是:先读两端,再读中间。 with后面的rightrightand right是并列结构。
翻译:儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲,而且更重要的是,听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。
2.Work, , involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
结构:只有一个谓语动词:involves。是插入语。本句的主干为:Work involves responsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility,而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。
翻译:对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言,工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。
3.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, , would be on an island 885 miles away.
结构:共有5个谓语动词,主句谓语动词为could not help。that引导think的宾语从句。could contact属于定于从句,省略了引导词,修饰person。unless引导条件状语从句,为插入语。拆分为:
1) Still, he could not help thinking.
2) That if anything should happen.
3) The nearest person would be on away.
4) he could contact the person.
5) Unless there was a ship nearby.
翻译:他仍然忍不住想到,如果发生了什么意外,那么除非附近有条船,否则他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。
4.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, , a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
结构:只有1个谓语动词:has。its, its, its, and aor a是并列结构,作为has的宾语。是插入语。
翻译:然而,这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足,而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。
5.Our knowledge of social systems, , , is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中is not是主句的谓语动词。while引导的让步状语从句,作为插入语,分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为:
1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.
翻译:因此,虽然在很多方面,我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确,但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。
6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, , can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。是插入语,分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为:
1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.
2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
翻译:然而,自我实现对于道德而言至关重要,因为没有自我实现的公民,无论多么有道德,都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。
1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.
翻译:因此,虽然在很多方面,我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确,但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。
6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, , can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
结构:共有2个谓语动词,其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。是插入语,分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为:
1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.
2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
翻译:然而,自我实现对于道德而言至关重要,因为没有自我实现的公民,无论多么有道德,都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。
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