指示代词
表示“这个、“那个、“这些、“那些等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
this(复数形式是these),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。
that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。
1指示代词的基本用法(在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语)
This is my doll. That is Mary's。
这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的。
(1)作主语
That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
(2)作表语
What I want is that(this).我想要的是那(这)个。
(3)作宾语
You like this but I like that.
你喜欢这个,而我喜欢那个。
(4)作定语
What is the use of those books?
那些书有什么用处呢?
2 指示代词的特殊用法
The history of China is as interesting as that of America.
中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。
(1) 为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词。但是this,these不可代替。
EG:The weather of Kunming is better than that(=the weather)of Beijing.
The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those(=the radios)made in Tianjing.
上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。
(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。
He was ill. That's why he didn't come.(that作主语,代替He was ill.)
他病了,那就是他没来的原因。
He broke the window,and that cost him 10dollars.
他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃这件事)要花费他10美元。
(3 )this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?