共和党总统参选人特朗普和杰布·布什上周使用“定锚婴儿”(anchor babies)说法引起争议,杰布·布什24日称他那一说法主要是指美国出生公民权被滥用的情况,并无贬义。
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U.S. Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush on Monday said his use of the term "anchor babies" to describe U.S.-born children of non-citizen parents was taken out of context and not derogatory, saying he was referring solely to activity he views as fraudulent.
美国共和党总统参选人杰布·布什24日表示,他使用“定锚婴儿”这一说法来描述非美国公民在美国生的孩子的言论被断章取义,本身并无贬义,他表示,自己所指仅为那些有欺诈嫌疑的生子行为。
The U.S. Constitution grants citizenship to any child born on U.S. soil, regardless of parentage. Immigration critics sometimes use "anchor babies" to describe U.S.-born children of illegal immigrants, usually from Latin America. Immigration groups say the phrase is offensive.
美国宪法保证每一个出生在美国国土上的孩子都拥有公民权,对父母身份并无要求。移民政策批评人士有时会用“定锚婴儿”这个词来描述那些非法移民,尤其是拉美非法移民,在美国生的孩子。移民权益组织认为这一说法有冒犯意味。
Anchor baby是一种很形象的说法,也 美国在公民权制度上,一直采取“出生地原则”,即只要在美国出生,就可以自然获得美国国籍。目前美国是世界上极少数提供无条件“出生公民权”(birthright citizenship)的国家。
Automatic citizenship指的是以出生或领养之方式自动取得国籍,而通过登记获得公民权则称为citizen by registration。
除了“出生地原则”外,还有很多国家对国籍采用“血统原则”,也就是由父母的国籍决定。这两种情况都属于original nationality(原始国籍)。此外,通过婚姻、申请入籍等方式,人们还可以改变自己的国籍,这称为acquired nationality(继有国籍)。目前,部分国家承认dual nationality(双重国籍)。
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