24日下午的一则消息,让资讯圈炸开了锅。就在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年之际,全国人大常委会审议了全国人大常委会关于特赦部分服刑罪犯的决定草案。
Under the draft, four categories of inmates who were sentenced before Jan 1 next year and who do not pose a threat to society will be granted the special amnesty.
根据草案,对2017年1月1日前正在服刑、释放后不具有现实社会危险性的四类罪犯实行特赦。
Amnesty是(尤指对政治犯的)大赦,赦免的意思,special amnesty即“特赦”,类似说法还有special pardon。特赦是国家对某些犯罪(criminals)或者特定的犯罪人免除刑罚的措施。在不同的国家里,不同的人或组织有下达特赦令的权利,比如国家元首(head of state)或者议会(parliament)。在我国,特赦是由全国人民代表大会常务委员会(The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress)行使,而特赦令的颁发由由国家主席(president)发布。
该草案拟予以特赦的四类罪犯包括:
一是参加过中国人民抗日战争(the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-45))、中国人民解放战争(the Chinese War of Liberation (1946-49))的服刑罪犯(prisoners)。对这类罪犯予以特赦,目的在于突出纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年的主题,体现本次特赦的历史意义。
二是中华人民共和国成立以后,参加过保卫国家主权(protecting national sovereignty)、安全(security)和领土完整(territorial integrity)对外作战(fighting foreign invaders)的服刑罪犯,但对上述罪犯中犯贪污受贿(bribery and corruption)犯罪,危害人民安全的严重暴力性犯罪,危害国家安全(damaging to national security)犯罪及涉恐、涉黑等有组织犯罪(gang-related offenses)的主犯(principal criminals),以及累犯不予特赦。
三是年满七十五周岁、身体严重残疾(serious physical disabilities)且生活不能自理的服刑罪犯。对这类人员予以特赦,既符合中国的历史传统,也符合国际上通行的人道主义赦免原则。我国刑事立法和司法实践中已体现了对75周岁以上老年人犯罪予以从轻处罚的精神。
四是犯罪的时候不满十八周岁,被判处三年以下有期徒刑(a maximum sentence of three years in prison)或者剩余刑期在一年以下的服刑罪犯,但对故意杀人(intentional homicide)、强奸(rape)等严重的罪行(serious crimes)、恐怖活动犯罪、贩卖毒品犯罪的罪犯,不予特赦。
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress will make a final decision on whether to pass the draft on Saturday. Amnesties are often announced before major national ceremonies and have been granted seven times since 1949.
人大常委会将在30日决定是否通过该草案。特赦通常在大型国家庆典前宣布,我国1949年以来共有7次特赦。
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