它们的词义相似,但是用法不同:ill更常用在正式语境下,描述一种长期性的疾病;而sick则没那么正式,通常用来描述急症或小病症。
如果是反胃恶心,想要呕吐,要用sick。在书写领域,美国人更常用没那么正式的sick,而英国人偏好使用正式的ill。
sick可以用来修饰名词,比如a sick dog(病狗),sick leave(病假),airsick(晕机),carsick(晕车),seasick(晕船);
但如果要用ill leave来表示病假,就显得很奇怪。你可以在 mentally ill 和 ill health这种正式的语境中使用ill;同样的,mentally sick和sick health就没那么有冲击力。
ill可以追溯到中世纪,词源学家说ill和evil有关,这也解释了为什么ill-formed表示“不规范的,劣质结构的”,ill-advised表示“不明智的,欠考虑的”。
有一个和ill相关的俚语非常出名,‘an ill wind blows nobody any good’,风会带来破坏,但并非一无是处,或许能带来一些工作机会,人们的房屋也可以被重建。
但an ill wind就不是了,上面的这句俚语是指一件非常消极非常糟糕的事情,不会有任何积极的影响,这里的ill就与evil有关联。
而sick的用法随意很多,适用范围比较广泛,比如 be sick of something(厌倦某事),sick with fear(很害怕), sick to death(忍受不了)和 worried sick(担心得要命)等。
综上所述,我们可以知道,ill和sick在语境和描述事物的程度方面存在差异。
你还知道哪些与ill或sick相关的表达?
上一篇: “抢红包”,用英语怎么说?
下一篇: 超可爱的宠物习语,你知道几个?
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